Editing International Court of Justice (section)

==Examples of contentious cases==
{{Main|List of International Court of Justice cases}}
* 1980: A complaint by the United States that Iran was detaining American diplomats in [[Tehran]] in violation of international law.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/64/6291.pdf|title=Reports of Judgments, Advisory Opinions and Orders|date=24 May 1980|publisher=International Court of Justice|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033844/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/64/6291.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1982: A dispute between Tunisia and Libya over the delimitation of the continental shelf between them.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/71/6527.pdf|title=Application for Revision and Interpretation of the Judgment of 24 February 1982 in the Case Concerning the Continental Shelf (Tunisia/Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)|date=10 December 1985|publisher=International Court of Justice|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111085227/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/71/6527.pdf|archive-date=11 January 2012}}</ref>
* 1989: A complaint by Iran after the shooting down of [[Iran Air Flight 655]] by a [[United States Navy]] guided missile cruiser.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/79|title=Aerial Incident of 3 July 1988 (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America)|date=17 May 1989|publisher=International Court of Justice|access-date=9 February 2021|archive-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717021821/http://www.icj-cij.org/en/case/79|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 1984: A dispute over the course of the maritime boundary dividing the U.S. and Canada in the [[Gulf of Maine]] area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/67/6369.pdf|title=Case Concerning Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary in the Gulf of Maine Area (Canada/United States of America)|date=12 October 1984|publisher=International Court of Justice|access-date=21 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201033144/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/67/6369.pdf|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 1999: A complaint by the [[Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]] against the member states of the [[NATO|North Atlantic Treaty Organization]] regarding their actions in the [[Kosovo War]]. This was denied on 15 December 2004 because of lack of jurisdiction, the FRY not being a party to the ICJ statute at the time it made the application.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?pr=371&code=yus&p1=3&p2=3&p3=6&case=114&k=25 |title=International Court of Justice |publisher=Icj-cij.org |access-date=2 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203054204/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?pr=371&code=yus&p1=3&p2=3&p3=6&case=114&k=25 |archive-date=3 February 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* 2005: A complaint by the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] that its sovereignty had been violated by [[Uganda]] and that the DRC had lost billions of dollars worth of resources<ref>"[http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=co&case=116&k=51 Armed Activities on the Territory of the Congo (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Uganda)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180227010206/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?p1=3&p2=3&code=co&case=116&k=51 |date=27 February 2018 }}". Icj-cij.org.</ref> was decided in favour of the DRC.<ref>"[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda Court orders Uganda to pay Congo damages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102143450/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/20/congo.uganda |date=2 January 2021 }}". ''[[The Guardian]]''. 20 December 2005</ref>
* 2011: A complaint by the Republic of North Macedonia (former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) that Greece's vetoing of its accession to [[NATO]] violates the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995<ref>{{cite web|url=http://untreaty.un.org/unts/120001_144071/6/3/00004456.pdf|title=Interim Accord|date=13 September 1995|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325011434/http://untreaty.un.org/unts/120001_144071/6/3/00004456.pdf|archive-date=25 March 2009}}</ref> between the two countries. The complaint was decided in favour of [[North Macedonia]] on 5 December 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/142/16841.pdf |archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20170716032245/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/case-related/142/16841.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 July 2017 |title=The Court finds that Greece, by objecting to the admission of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia to NATO, has breached its obligation under Article 11, paragraph 1, of the Interim Accord of 13 September 1995 |date=5 December 2011 |publisher=The International Court of Justice |access-date=2 February 2014 }}</ref>
* 2017: A complaint by the [[Republic of India]] regarding a death penalty verdict against an Indian citizen, [[Kulbhushan Jadhav]], by a Pakistani military court (based on alleged espionage and subversive activities).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/kulbhushan-jadhav|title=Kulbhushan Jadhav: Kulbhushan Jadhav latest news, photos & videos|website=[[The Times of India]]|access-date=14 November 2017|archive-date=2 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210102143456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/kulbhushan-jadhav|url-status=live}}</ref>
* 2022: A complaint by Ukraine against Russia for violating the 1948 [[Genocide Convention]], to which both Ukraine and Russia are parties, by falsely claiming genocide as a pretext for invading Ukraine.<ref>{{cite news |last=Milanovic |first=Marko |date=27 February 2022 |url=https://www.ejiltalk.org/ukraine-files-icj-claim-against-russia/ |url-status=live |title=Ukraine Files ICJ Claim against Russia |work=[[European Journal of International Law]] |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220301/https://www.ejiltalk.org/ukraine-files-icj-claim-against-russia/ |archive-date=1 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022}}</ref> The [[International Association of Genocide Scholars]] supported Ukraine, who asked for expedited [[Provisional measure of protection|provisional measures]] directing Russia to halt its offensive.<ref>{{cite news |last=Wintour |first=Patrick |date=7 March 2022 |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/international-court-of-justice-to-fast-track-ruling-on-russian-invasion-of-ukraine |title=International court of justice to fast-track ruling on Russian invasion |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307181739/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/mar/07/international-court-of-justice-to-fast-track-ruling-on-russian-invasion-of-ukraine |url-status=live }}</ref> Russian representatives refused to appear.<ref>{{cite news |last=Corder |first=Mike |date=7 March 2022 |url=https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-netherlands-moscow-europe-0ca475d35171d384e028f09f1f7379e4 |title=Russia snubs UN court hearings in case brought by Ukraine |work=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=10 March 2022 |archive-date=9 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200959/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-kyiv-netherlands-moscow-europe-0ca475d35171d384e028f09f1f7379e4 |url-status=live }}</ref> On 16 March, the ICJ ordered Russia to "immediately suspend the military operations", on a 13–2 vote with the Russian and Chinese judges in opposition.<ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=Order of 16 March 2022 |url=https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/182/182-20220316-ORD-01-00-EN.pdf |website=International Court of Justice |access-date=12 May 2022 |archive-date=22 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220322030056/https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/case-related/182/182-20220316-ORD-01-00-EN.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |date=16 March 2022 |title=International Court of Justice orders Russia to suspend invasion of Ukraine |url=https://www.dw.com/en/international-court-of-justice-orders-russia-to-suspend-invasion-of-ukraine/a-61142092 |access-date=16 March 2022 |publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]] |archive-date=17 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317072255/https://www.dw.com/en/international-court-of-justice-orders-russia-to-suspend-invasion-of-ukraine/a-61142092 |url-status=live }}</ref> The order is binding on Russia, but the ICJ cannot enforce it.<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2022 |title=Guerre en Ukraine, en direct |language=fr-FR |work=[[Le Monde]] |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/international/live/2022/03/16/guerre-en-ukraine-la-russie-exige-un-statut-neutre-pour-l-ukraine-qui-refuse_6117694_3210.html#id-278998 |access-date=16 March 2022 |archive-date=16 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316164621/https://www.lemonde.fr/international/live/2022/03/16/guerre-en-ukraine-la-russie-exige-un-statut-neutre-pour-l-ukraine-qui-refuse_6117694_3210.html#id-278998 |url-status=live }}</ref>