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Linguistic determinism
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=== In philosophy === [[Friedrich Nietzsche]] lived before the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was formulated, however, many of his views line up with the assumptions of linguistic determinism. He is credited with the term "Language as a prison".<ref name="anthropoetics.ucla.edu">Stewart, Kieran. "Nietzsche's Early Theory of Language in Light of Generative Anthropology β Anthropoetics XXII, No. 2 Spring 2017." Anthropoetics, 11 Apr. 2017, http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap2202/2202stewart/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217205521/http://anthropoetics.ucla.edu/ap2202/2202stewart/ |date=2019-12-17 }}.</ref> [[Alfred Korzybski]] also supports the hypothesis inadvertently through [[general semantics]].<ref name="Korzybski, Alfred 2005" /> German philosopher [[Nietzsche]] famously wrote, "We cease to think if we do not want to do it under linguistic constraints," which was originally translated incorrectly as "We have to cease to think if we refuse to do so in the prison-house of language." The phrase "prison-house of language" came to represent the extreme position regarding linguistic determinism. Although Nietzsche's position was not quite as drastic as the prison-house view, he did believe that language acts as the building blocks of thought, fundamentally shaping and influencing it. This was his explanation as to why cultural differences exist: because the language is different, the thought process is therefore different.<ref name="Deutscher, Guy 2016" /> Nietzsche also wrote that there is the "will to power and nothing besides," and this is another way Nietzsche expresses that language is a fixed structure that is responsible for the desires, thoughts, and actions of humans.<ref name="anthropoetics.ucla.edu" /> This represents linguistic determinism, making language the "prison" that minds are therefore trapped in. According to Nietzsche things like table, or rain are incomprehensible without the words being present in language.
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