Editing Loyalty program (section)

===Offline with mobile device===
With the introduction of [[host card emulation]] (HCE) and [[near field communication]] (NFC) technology for mobile applications, traditional contactless smart cards for prepaid and loyalty programs are emulated in a smartphone. [[Google Wallet]] adopted these technologies for mobile off-line payment applications.

The major advantage of off-line over the online system is that the user's smartphone does not have to be online, and the transaction is fast. In addition, multiple emulated cards can be stored in a smartphone to support multi-merchant loyalty programs. Consequently, the user does not need to carry many physical cards anymore.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cbinsights.com/company/plink
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|title=Similar companies}}</ref>