Editing Mahmud II (section)

==Family==
===Consorts===
Mahmud II had at least nineteen consorts:<ref>Zilfi, Madeline, ''Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference'', p. 227.</ref><ref name="Brookes288">{{cite book |editor-last=Brookes |editor-first=Douglas Scott |year=2008 |title=The Concubine, the Princess, and the Teacher: Voices from the Ottoman Harem |location=Austin |publisher=University of Texas Press |isbn=9780292718425 |page=288 }}</ref><ref name="Issue 6 2010">MS: Milli saraylar, tarih kültür sanat mimarlık, Issue 6 . TBMM Milli Saraylar Daire Başkanlığı Yayını. 2010. p. 20.</ref><ref>Yedikita Dergisi. Yedikıta Aylık Tarih ve Kültür Dergisi Sayı: 132. 2019. p. 8.</ref><ref>Şentürk, Abdülmecit. Medine'nin figlio Emanetleri. Fahreddin Paşa'nın Yağmadan Kurtardığı Teberrükat Eşyası. "Kutsal Emanetler ve Fahreddin Paşa kitabı" . Türizm ve Kültür Bakanlığı. p. 301. ISBN 978-605-69885-0-9.</ref><ref>Sehsuvaroğlu, Haluk Y. (2005). Asırlar boyunca Istanbul: Eserleri, Olayları, Kültürü . Yenigün Haber Ajansı. pp. 139, 206.</ref><ref>Uluçay 2011, pp. 121–128</ref><ref>Kaya & Küçük 2011, p. 347.</ref><ref>Türklük araştırmaları dergisi, Edizioni 19–20 . Fakulte. 2008. p. 352.</ref><ref>Rıza Balıkhane Nazırı, Ali; Çoruk, Ali Şükrü (2001). Eski zamanlarda İstanbul hayatı – Libro 15 . Kitabevi. p. 301. ISBN 978-9-757-32133-0.</ref><ref>Sureyya, Mehmed (1996). Sicill-i Osmanî – Vol. 1. p. 18.</ref><ref>Haskan, Mehmet Nermi (2001). Yüzyıllar boyunca Üsküdar – Vol. 3. Üsküdar Belediyesi. pp. 1179, 1339. ISBN 978-9-759-76063-2.</ref>
* Fatma Kadın (? – February 1809). [[Kadın (title)|BaşKadin]] (First Consort) for one year before her death.
* Alicenab Kadın (? – before 1839). BaşKadin after Fatma's death. Mother of at least one son.
* [[Nevfidan Kadın|Hacıye Pertevpiyale Nevfidan Kadın]] (4 January 1793 – 27 December 1855). Mahmud's concubine already when he was a prince (conceived their first daughter, Fatma Sultan, born six months after her father's accession to the throne, in this period, thus violating the rules of the harem that forbade the princes to have children until the eventual ascent al tronk), became BaşKadin after Alicenab's death. She was the mother of at least one son and four daughters, and she also raised [[Adile Sultan]] when she was orphaned on 1830. Abdülmecid I of her allowed her to go on pilgrimage to [[Mecca]], which earned her the name "''Haciye"''.
* Dilseza Kadın (? – 1816). Second Kadın. Mother of at least two sons. Buried in the mausoleum of the Dolmabahçe Palace.
* Mislinayab Kadın (? – before 1825). Second Kadın. Buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.
* Kameri Kadın (? – before 1825). Also called Kamerfer Kadın. Second Kadın. Buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.
* Ebrirefar Kadın (? – before 1825). Also called Ebrureftar Kadın. Second Kadın. Buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.
* [[Bezmiâlem Sultan|Bezmialem Kadın]] (1807 – 2 May 1853). Called also Bazimialam Kadın. Georgian, she was educated by [[Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)|Esma Sultan]], Mahmud II's sister, and, first to be a consort, she work in the hamam (freshroom) of her palace. Third Kadın and then Second Kadin from 1832. Mother and Valide Sultan of Abdülmecid I.
* [[Aşubcan Kadın|Aşubcan Kadin]] (1793 – 10 June 1870). Mother of at least three daughters. Quinta Kadın in 1811 and then Second.
* Vuslat Kadın (? – May 1831). Third Kadın.
* Zernigar Kadın (? – 1830). Of Armenian descent, her real name was Maryam. Educated by [[Esma Sultan (daughter of Abdul Hamid I)|Esma Sultan]], Mahmud II's half-sister. Mother of a daughter. Fourth Ikbal in 1826, then Seventh Kadın and finally Third Kadın.
* Nurtab Kadın (1810 – 2 January 1886). Fourth Kadın. She was the adoptive mother of [[Şevkefza Sultan]], mother of [[Murad V]]. Buried in the Mahmud II mausoleum.
* [[Hoşyar Kadın|Hacıye Hoşyar Kadın]] (? – 1859, Mecca). Mother of two daughters. Third Kadın and then Second. Tall and blonde, she had been educated by [[Beyhan Sultan (daughter of Mustafa III)|Beyhan Sultan]], daughter of [[Mustafa III]].
* Pervizfekek Kadın (? – 21 September 1863). Mother of at least three daughters. She was Sixth Kadın in 1824. She was buried in Mahmud II mausoleum.
* [[Pertevniyal Sultan|Pertevniyal Kadın]] (1812 – 5 February 1883). Mother of two sons, including Abdülaziz I. Second [[Ikbal (title)|Ikbal]] and later Fifth Kadın.
* Hüsnimelek Hanim (1807/1812 – October 1867). Also called Hüsnümelek Hanim. BaşIkbal (First Ikbal). She was educated by Esma Sultan, Mahmud II's sister. He saw her play at a banquet hosted by her sister and asked for it for himself. She was of great musical talent, and she composed a song for the sultan, entitled ''Hüsnümelek bir peridir/Cümlesinin dilberidir.'' She did not live in the harem but in a separate wing of the palace. After Mahmud's death she became a dance teacher in the harem of his heir and son Abdülmecid I. Buried in the Mahmud II mausoleum.
* Tiryal Hanim (1810–1883). Third Ikbal. Perhaps the mother of a child, she loved Abdülaziz I as if he were her own son, and he too considered her a second mother, so much so that during his reign, he guaranteed her the same treatment as his own mother, making her live in the Beylerbeyi Palace and granting her wealth and prestige, and everyone considered Tiryal the second [[Valide sultan|Valide Sultan]]. Tiriyal donated her villa in Çamlıca to [[Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin|Şehzade Yusuf Izzedin]], Abdülaziz's eldest son, whom she considered her grandson. He built a glass pavilion and fountain in Çamlıca and a second fountain in Üsküdar. She took care of the education of [[Dilpesend Kadın]], who became the consort of [[Abdul Hamid II|Abdülhamid II]], grandson of Mahmud II through his son [[Abdulmejid I|Abdülmecid I]]. She was buried in the Yeni Cami, in front of the fountain built in her name.
* Lebrizfelek Hanim (1810 – 9 February 1865). Fourth Ikbal. She died in the Dolmabahçe Palace and was buried in the courtyard of the Yeni Cami.
* Verdicenan Hanım. 

===Sons===
[[File:Mausoleum of Sultan Mahmud II - sarcophagus of a sultan - P1030832.JPG|thumb|right|248px|The [[sarcophagus]] of Sultan Mahmud II in his [[türbe|burial place]].]]
[[File:Ottoman tombs Istanbul March 2008pano.jpg|thumb|248px|Exterior view of the [[türbe]] of Sultan Mahmud II.]]
Mahmud had at least eighteen sons, of which only two lived to adulthood:<ref>Kaya & Küçük 2011, pp. 150–177, 277–300, 343–405</ref><ref>Beydilli, Kemal; Suleyman, Mehmed Bin (2001). Bir imamın günlüğü . Tarih ve Tabiat Vakfi. p. 234.</ref><ref name="Issue 6 2010"/><ref>Ulçay 2011, p. 183.</ref><ref>Madeline Zilfi, Women and Slavery in the Late Ottoman Empire: The Design of Difference, 227.</ref><ref name="Brookes288"/><ref>Türk Kütüphaneciler Derneği bülteni, Vol. 12, Iss. 3–4. Dernek. 1963. p. 94.</ref>
* Şehzade Murad (25 December 1811 – 14 July 1812). Buried in the Hamidiye mausoleum.
* Şehzade Bayezid (23 March 1812 – 25 June 1812) – with Dilseza Kadin. Buried in the Hamidiye mausoleum.
* Şehzade Abdülhamid (6 March 1813 – 20 April 1825) – with Alicenab Kadın. Buried in the [[Türbe|mausoleum]] [[Nakşidil Sultan]].
* Şehzade Osman (12 June 1813 – 10 April 1814) – with Nevfidan Kadin. Twin of Emine Sultan. Buried in the [[Nuruosmaniye Mosque|Nurosmaniye Mosque]].
* Şehzade Ahmed (25 July 1814 – 16 July 1815). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Mehmed (26 August 1814 – November 1814) – with Dilseza Kadin. Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Mehmed (4 August 1816 – August 1816). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Süleyman (29 August 1817 – 14 December 1819). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Ahmed (13 October 1819 – December 1819). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Ahmed (25 December 1819 – January 1820). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Abdüllah (1820 – 1820). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Mehmed (12 February 1822 – 23 October 1822). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Şehzade Ahmed (6 July 1822 – 9 April 1823). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* [[Abdülmecid I]] (25 April 1823 – 25 June 1861) – with Bezmialem Kadın. 31st [[Ottoman Sultans|Sultan]] of the [[Ottoman Empire]]. He was the last sultan to be born on [[Topkapı Palace|Topkapi Palace]], after the imperial palace became the Beşiktaş Palace. 
* Şehzade Ahmed (5 December 1823 – 1824).
* Şehzade Abdülhamid (18 February 1827 – 1829). Buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.
* [[Abdulaziz]] (18 February 1830 – 4 June 1876) – with Pertevniyal Kadin. 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
* Şehzade Nizameddin (29 December 1833 – March 1838) – with Pertevniyal Kadin or Tiriyal Hanim.

===Daughters===
Mahmud II had at least nineteen daughters, but only six survived infancy and only four reached the age of marriage:<ref>Ulçay 2011, pp. 188–201</ref>
* Fatma Sultan (4 February 1809 – 5 August 1809) – with Nevfidan Kadin. Her birth, the first in the imperial dynasty after 19 years and just six months after her father's accession to the throne, caused scandal, as it meant she must have been conceived when Mahmud was still Şehzade and confined to Kafes, which was forbidden at the time. She died of smallpox and was buried in the [[Nuruosmaniye Mosque|Nurosmaniye Mosque]].
* Ayşe Sultan (5 July 1809 – February 1810) – with Aşubcan Kadin. Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Fatma Sultan (30 April 1810 – 7 May 1825) – with Nevfidan Kadin. She died of smallpox and was buried in the [[Türbe|mausoleum]] [[Nakşidil Sultan]].
* [[Saliha Sultan (daughter of Mahmud II)|Saliha Sultan]] (16 June 1811 – 5 February 1843) – with Aşubcan Kadin. She married once and had two sons and a daughter.
* Şah Sultan (22 May 1812 – September 1814) – with Aşubcan Kadin. Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* [[Mihrimah Sultan (daughter of Mahmud II)|Mihrimah Sultan]] (10 June 1812 – 3 July 1838) – with Hoşyar Kadın. She married once and had a son. 
* Emine Sultan (12 June 1813 – July 1814) – with Nevfidan Kadin. Twin sister of Şehzade Osman. Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* [[Atiye Sultan]] (2 January 1824 – 11 August 1850) – with Pervizfelek Kadın. She married once and had two daughters.
* Şah Sultan (14 October 1814 – 13 April 1817) – her mother was the Fourth Kadın. Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Emine Sultan (7 January 1815 – 24 September 1816) – with Nevfidan Kadin. She died in [[Beylerbeyi Palace]] in a fire. She was buried in the Yahya Efendi mausoleum.
* Zeynep Sultan (18 April 1815 – February 1816) – with Hoşyar Kadın. Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Hamide Sultan (14 July 1817 – July 1817).
* Cemile Sultan (1818 – 1818).
* Hamide Sultan (4 July 1818 – 15 February 1819). Buried in the Nurosmaniye mosque.
* Münire Sultan (16 October 1824 – 23 May 1825). She died of smallpox and was buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.
* Hatice Sultan (6 September 1825 – 19 December 1842) – Pervizfelek Kadın. She died in the Beşiktaş Palace.
* [[Adile Sultan (daughter of Mahmud II)|Adile Sultan]] (23 May 1826 – 12 February 1899) – with Zernigar Kadın. After being orphaned on 1830, she was raised by Navfidan Kadın. She married once and had a son and three daughters.
* Fatma Sultan (20 July 1828 – 2 February 1839) – with Pervizfelek Kadın. Buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.
* Hayriye Sultan (22 March 1831 – 15 February 1833). She was buried in the Nakşidil Sultan mausoleum.