Editing Manx language (section)

=== Consonants ===
The [[consonant]] phoneme inventory of Manx:<ref>Lewin 2020; Lewin (Forthcoming)</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
! &nbsp;
! colspan="2" | [[Labial consonant|Labial]]
! colspan="2" | [[Dental consonant|Dental]]
! colspan="2" | [[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br />alveolar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" | [[Palatalization (phonetics)|Palato-<br />velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Velar consonant|Velar]]
! colspan="2" | [[Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
|-
! [[Plosive]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|p}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|b}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|t̪}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|d̪}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | ({{IPA link|t̠}}) || style="border-left-width: 0;" | ({{IPA link|d̠}})
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|tʲ}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|dʲ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|kʲ}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ɡʲ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|k}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ɡ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
! [[Fricative]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|f}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|v}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|s}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ʃ}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ç}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|x}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ɣ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|h}} || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
! [[Nasal stop|Nasal]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|m}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|n}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | ({{IPA link|n̠}})
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|nʲ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ŋʲ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|ŋ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
! [[Trill consonant|Trill]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|r}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|rʲ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
! [[Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|l}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | ({{IPA link|l̠}})
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|lʲ}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|-
! [[Semivowel]]
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|j}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | {{IPA link|w}}
| style="border-right-width: 0;" | &nbsp; || style="border-left-width: 0;" | &nbsp;
|}

The [[Voicelessness|voiceless]] plosives are [[aspiration (phonetics)|aspirated]]. The dental, postalveolar and palato-velar plosives {{IPA|/t̪ d̪ tʲ dʲ kʲ/}} [[affrication|affricate]] to {{IPA|[t̪͡θ d̪͡ð t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k͡xʲ]}} in many contexts.

Manx has an optional process of [[lenition]] of plosives between vowels, where [[Voice (phonetics)|voiced]] plosives and voiceless fricatives become voiced fricatives and voiceless plosives become either voiced plosives or voiced fricatives. This process introduces the [[allophone]]s {{IPA|[β ð z ʒ]}}. The voiced fricative {{IPA|[ʒ]}} may be further lenited to {{IPA|[j]}}, and {{IPA|[ɣ]}} may disappear altogether. Examples include:<ref>Broderick 1984–86, 3:3–13; Thomson 1992, 129</ref>

Voiceless plosive to voiced plosive:
* {{IPA|/t̪/}} > {{IPA|[d̪]}}: {{lang|gv|brattag}} {{IPA|[ˈbrad̪aɡ]}} "flag, rag"
* {{IPA|/k/}} > {{IPA|[ɡ]}}: {{lang|gv|peccah}} {{IPA|[ˈpɛɡə]}} "sin"
Voiceless plosive to voiced fricative:
* {{IPA|/p/}} > {{IPA|[v]}}: {{lang|gv|cappan}} {{IPA|[ˈkavan]}} "cup"
* {{IPA|/t̪/}} > {{IPA|[ð]}}: {{lang|gv|baatey}} {{IPA|[ˈbɛːðə]}} "boat"
* {{IPA|/k/}} > {{IPA|[ɣ]}}: {{lang|gv|feeackle}} {{IPA|[ˈfiːɣəl]}} "tooth"
Voiced plosive to voiced fricative:
* {{IPA|/b/}} > {{IPA|[v]}}: {{lang|gv|cabbyl}} {{IPA|[ˈkaːvəl]}} "horse"
* {{IPA|/d̪/}} > {{IPA|[ð]}}: {{lang|gv|eddin}} {{IPA|[ˈɛðənʲ]}} "face"
* {{IPA|/dʲ/}} > {{IPA|[ʒ]}}: {{lang|gv|padjer}} {{IPA|[ˈpaːʒər]}} "prayer"
* {{IPA|/dʲ/}} > {{IPA|[ʒ]}} > {{IPA|[j]}}: {{lang|gv|maidjey}} {{IPA|[ˈmaːʒə, -jə]}} "stick"
* {{IPA|/ɡ/}} > {{IPA|[ɣ]}}: {{lang|gv|ruggit}} {{IPA|[ˈroɣət]}} "born"
Voiceless fricative to voiced fricative:
* {{IPA|/s/}} > {{IPA|[ð]}} or {{IPA|[z]}}: {{lang|gv|poosit}} {{IPA|[ˈpuːðitʲ/ˈpuːzitʲ]}} "married"
* {{IPA|/s/}} > {{IPA|[ð]}}: {{lang|gv|shassoo}} {{IPA|[ˈʃaːðu]}} "stand"
* {{IPA|/ʃ/}} > {{IPA|[ʒ]}}: {{lang|gv|aashagh}} {{IPA|[ˈɛːʒax]}} "easy"
* {{IPA|/ʃ/}} > {{IPA|[ʒ]}} > {{IPA|[j]}}: {{lang|gv|toshiaght}} {{IPA|[ˈt̪ɔʒax, -jax]}} "beginning"
* {{IPA|/x/}} > {{IPA|[ɣ]}}: {{lang|gv|beaghey}} {{IPA|[ˈbeːɣə]}} "live"
* {{IPA|/x/}} > {{IPA|[ɣ]}} > ∅: {{lang|gv|shaghey}} {{IPA|[ʃaː]}} "past"

Another optional process is [[pre-occlusion]], the insertion of a very short plosive before a [[sonorant consonant]]. In Manx, this applies to stressed [[Monosyllable|monosyllabic words]]. The inserted consonant is [[Homorganic consonant|homorganic]] with the following sonorant, which means it has the same [[place of articulation]]. Long vowels are often shortened before pre-occluded sounds. Examples include:<ref>Broderick 1984–86, 3:28–34; 1993, 236</ref>
* {{IPA|/m/}} > {{IPA|[ᵇm]}}: {{lang|gv|trome}} {{IPA|/t̪roːm/}} > {{IPA|[t̪roᵇm]}} "heavy"
* {{IPA|/n/}} > {{IPA|[ᵈn]}}: {{lang|gv|kione}} {{IPA|/kʲoːn/}} > {{IPA|[kʲoᵈn]}} "head"
* {{IPA|/nʲ/}} > {{IPA|[ᵈnʲ]}}: {{lang|gv|ein}} {{IPA|/eːnʲ/}} > {{IPA|[eːᵈnʲ], [eᵈnʲ]}} "birds"
* {{IPA|/ŋ/}} > {{IPA|[ᶢŋ]}}: {{lang|gv|lhong}} {{IPA|/loŋ/}} > {{IPA|[loᶢŋ]}} "ship"
* {{IPA|/l/}} > {{IPA|[ᵈl]}}: {{lang|gv|shooyll}} {{IPA|/ʃuːl/}} > {{IPA|[ʃuːᵈl]}} "walking"

The trill {{IPA|/r/}} is realised as a one- or two-contact [[Tap and flap consonants|flap]] {{IPA|[ɾ]}} at the beginning of syllable, and as a stronger trill {{IPA|[r]}} when preceded by another consonant in the same syllable. At the end of a syllable, {{IPA|/r/}} can be pronounced either as a strong trill {{IPA|[r]}} or, more frequently, as a weak fricative {{IPA|[ɹ̝]}}, which may vocalise to a nonsyllabic {{IPA|[ə̯]}} or disappear altogether.<ref>Broderick 1984–86; 3:17–18</ref> This vocalisation may be due to the influence of [[Manx English]], which is [[non-rhotic accent|non-rhotic]].<ref>Jackson 1955, 118; Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, 1998, [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O29-ISLEOFMAN.html Isle of Man], retrieved 28 September 2008</ref> Examples of the pronunciation of {{IPA|/r/}} include:
* {{lang|gv|ribbey}} "snare" {{IPA|[ˈɾibə]}}
* {{lang|gv|arran}} "bread" {{IPA|[ˈaɾan]}}
* {{lang|gv|mooar}} "big" {{IPA|[muːr], [muːɹ̝], [muːə̯], [muː]}}