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Peripheral neuropathy
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==== Antiepileptics ==== A 2017 Cochrane systematic review found that daily dosages between 1800β3600 mg of gabapentin could provide good pain relief for pain associated with diabetic neuropathy only. This relief occurred for roughly 30β40% of treated patients, while placebo had a 10β20% response. Three of the seven authors of the review had conflicts of interest declared.<ref name="ReferenceC"/> In a 2019 Cochrane review of pregabalin the authors conclude that there is some evidence of efficacy in the treatment of pain deriving from post-herpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, and post-traumatic neuropathic pain only. They also warned that many patients treated will have no benefit. Two of the five authors declared receiving payments from pharmaceutical companies.<ref name="ReferenceD"/> A 2017 Cochrane systematic review found that oxcarbazepine had little evidence to support its use for treating diabetic neuropathy, radicular pain, and other neuropathies. The authors also call for better studies.<ref name="Oxcarbazepine for neuropathic pain"/> In a 2015 Cochrane systematic review the authors found a lack of evidence showing any effectiveness of zonisamide for treating pain deriving from any peripheral neuropathy.<ref name="ReferenceE"/> A 2014 Cochrane review found that studies of levetiracetam showed no indication of its effectiveness at treating pain from any neuropathy. The authors also found that the evidence was possibly biased and that some patients experienced adverse events.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Moore RA, Lunn MP | editor1-first = Sheena | editor1-last = Derry | title = Levetiracetam for neuropathic pain in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 7 | pages = CD010943 | date = July 2014 | volume = 2014 | pmid = 25000215 | pmc = 6485608 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010943.pub2 }}</ref> A 2013 Cochrane systematic review concluded that there was high-quality evidence to suggest that lamotrigine is not effective for treating neuropathic pain, even at high dosages 200β400 mg.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Moore RA | title = Lamotrigine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 12 | pages = CD006044 | date = December 2013 | volume = 2019 | pmid = 24297457 | pmc = 6485508 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006044.pub4 }}</ref> A 2013 Cochrane systematic review of topiramate found that the included data had a strong likelihood of major bias; despite this, it found no effectiveness for the drug in treating the pain associated with diabetic neuropathy. It had not been tested for any other type of neuropathy.<ref name="ReferenceF"/> Cochrane reviews from 2012 of clonazepam and phenytoin uncovered no evidence of sufficient quality to support their use in chronic neuropathic pain."<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Corrigan R, Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA | title = Clonazepam for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 5 | pages = CD009486 | date = May 2012 | volume = 2019 | pmid = 22592742 | pmc = 6485609 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009486.pub2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Birse F, Derry S, Moore RA | title = Phenytoin for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 5 | pages = CD009485 | date = May 2012 | volume = 2019 | pmid = 22592741 | pmc = 6481697 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009485.pub2 }}</ref> A 2012 Cochrane systematic review of lacosamide found it very likely that the drug is ineffective for treating neuropathic pain. The authors caution against positive interpretations of the evidence.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Hearn L, Derry S, Moore RA | title = Lacosamide for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 2 | pages = CD009318 | date = February 2012 | volume = 2016 | pmid = 22336864 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009318.pub2 | pmc = 8406928 }}</ref> For sodium valproate the authors of a 2011 Cochrane review found that "three studies no more than hint that sodium valproate may reduce pain in diabetic neuropathy". They discuss how there is a probable overestimate of the effect due to the inherent problems with the data and conclude that the evidence does not support its usage.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gill D, Derry S, Wiffen PJ, Moore RA | title = Valproic acid and sodium valproate for neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 10 | pages = CD009183 | date = October 2011 | volume = 2011 | pmid = 21975791 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD009183.pub2 | pmc = 6540387 }}</ref> In a 2014 systematic review of carbamazepine the authors believe the drug benefits some people. No trials were considered greater than level III evidence; none lasted longer than 4 weeks and had poor reporting quality.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Wiffen PJ, Derry S, Moore RA, Kalso EA | title = Carbamazepine for chronic neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 4 | pages = CD005451 | date = April 2014 | volume = 2019 | pmid = 24719027 | pmc = 6491112 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.cd005451.pub3 }}</ref> A 2017 Cochrane systematic review aiming to assess the benefit of antiepileptic medications for several types of chronic non-cancer pains (including neuropathic pain) in children and adolescents found the evidence inconclusive. Two of the ten authors of this study declared receiving payments from pharmaceutical companies.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cooper TE, Wiffen PJ, Heathcote LC, Clinch J, Howard R, Krane E, Lord SM, Sethna N, Schechter N, Wood C | title = Antiepileptic drugs for chronic non-cancer pain in children and adolescents | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 8 | pages = CD012536 | date = August 2017 | issue = 8 | pmid = 28779491 | pmc = 6424379 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD012536.pub2 }}</ref>
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