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== Demographics == [[File:Perth density.jpg|thumb|Perth population density by mesh blocks (MB), according to the 2016 census]] <div class="thumb tright"> {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0;" |- !scope="col"|Historical populations |- |align=center|{{Historical populations |title=Perth Statistical Division |align = left |footnote = Source: [https://www.abs.gov.au/ ABS] |percentages = pagr |1854 |4001 |1859 |6293 |1870 |8220 |1881 |9955 |1891 |16694 |1901 |67431 |1911 |116181 |1921 |170213 |1933 |230340 |1947 |302968 |1954 |395049 |1961 |475398 |1966 |559298 |1971 |703199 }} {{Historical populations |title=Greater Perth Statistical Area |align = left |footnote = Source: ABS<ref>{{cite web|title=3218.0 Historical Population Estimates by Australian Statistical Geography Standard, 1971 to 2011|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/subscriber.nsf/log?openagent&32180ds0005_1971-2011.xls&3218.0&Data%20Cubes&0BCC5059CC669DCCCA257A4B0083B937&0&2011&31.07.2012&Latest|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=30 November 2012|format=XLS|date=31 July 2012|archive-date=28 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728084509/https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/WebPages/Attachment+Not+Found|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=2016 Census QuickStats|url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/5GPER?opendocument|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=7 May 2021|date=30 October 2020|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415071420/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/quickstat/5GPER?opendocument|url-status=dead}}</ref><br/>Note: Greater Perth includes the [[City of Mandurah]] and part of the [[Shire of Murray]], south of Perth.<ref name="landgate map"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Greater Perth|url=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/5GPER|work=2011 Census QuickStats|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=25 July 2013|date=28 March 2013|archive-date=1 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101110037/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/5GPER|url-status=dead}}</ref> |percentages = pagr |1971 |744600 |1976 |845700 |1981 |941479 |1986 |1075959 |1991 |1226115 |1996 |1344378 |2001 |1452058 |2006 |1590007 |2008 |1687815 |2010 |1785076 |2016 |1943853 |2021 |2143776 }} |} </div> Perth is Australia's fourth-most-populous city, having overtaken [[Adelaide]] in 1984.<ref>{{cite web|title=3218.0 – Regional Population Growth, Australia, 2012–13 |url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/AC53A071B4B231A6CA257CAE000ECCE5|publisher=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=22 March 2017|date=30 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170322203146/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/products/AC53A071B4B231A6CA257CAE000ECCE5|archive-date=22 March 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> In June 2023 there was an estimated resident population of 2,309,338 in the Greater Perth area, representing an increase of approximately 3.6% from the 2022 estimate of 2,228,020, the highest growth rate of Australia's capital cities.<ref name="ABSERP18"/> ===Ancestry and immigration=== {| class="wikitable" style="float:right;" |+ Country of birth (2021)<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/5GPER|title=2021 Greater Perth, Census Community Profiles|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=1 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220701074156/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/community-profiles/2021/5GPER|url-status=live}}</ref> ! Birthplace{{efn |In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, [[England]], [[Scotland]], [[Mainland China]] and the Special Administrative Regions of [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]] are listed separately.}} !! Population |- | [[Australia]] ||1,258,506 |- | [[England]] ||169,938 <!-- England and Scotland are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine --> |- | [[New Zealand]] ||59,459 |- | [[India]] ||58,229 |- | [[South Africa]] ||38,793 |- | [[Malaysia]] ||31,268 |- | [[Philippines]] ||30,806 |- | [[China]] ||27,237 <!-- China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau SARs are listed separately as per the source. Do not combine --> |- | [[Scotland]] ||23,280 |- | [[Vietnam]] ||17,174 |- | [[Italy]] ||16,536 |- | [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] ||16,412 |- | [[Singapore]] ||15,387 |- | [[Indonesia]] ||13,031 |- | [[Zimbabwe]] ||10,743 |} At the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated ancestries were:<ref name="auto1"/> <!-- Only ancestries with >1% are listed. --> {{columns-list|colwidth=13em| * [[English Australians|English]] (36.8%) * [[Australians|Australian]] (27.8%){{efn |The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate Australian as their ancestry are part of the [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] group.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs@.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182!OpenDocument |title = Feature Article – Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia (Feature Article) |website = Australian Bureau of Statistics |date = January 1995 |access-date = 16 June 2019 |archive-date = 20 April 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160420205113/http://www.abs.gov.au/Ausstats/abs%40.nsf/94713ad445ff1425ca25682000192af2/49f609c83cf34d69ca2569de0025c182%21OpenDocument |url-status = live }}</ref>}} * [[Irish Australians|Irish]] (8.8%) * [[Scottish Australians|Scottish]] (8.7%) * [[Italian Australians|Italian]] (5.5%) * [[Chinese Australians|Chinese]] (5.5%) * [[Indian Australians|Indian]] (3.6%) * [[German Australians|German]] (2.8%) * [[Dutch Australians|Dutch]] (2%) * [[Filipino Australians|Filipino]] (1.9%) * [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] (1.8%){{efn |Those who nominated their ancestry as Aboriginal. Does not include [[Torres Strait Islanders]]. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.}} * [[South African Australians|South African]] (1.4%) * [[Māori Australians|Maori]] (1.1%) * [[Vietnamese Australians|Vietnamese]] (1.1%) * [[New Zealand Australians|New Zealander]] (1.1%) * [[Croatian Australians|Croatian]] (1%) }} Perth's population is notable for the high proportion of British- and Irish-born residents. At the 2021 Census, 169,938 England-born Perth residents were counted,<ref name="auto1"/> ahead of even Sydney (151,614),<ref>{{Cite web |title=2016 Census Community Profiles: Greater Sydney |url=https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/1GSYD?opendocument |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=Australian Bureau of Statistics |archive-date=8 March 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308055413/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/1GSYD?opendocument |url-status=dead }}</ref> despite the latter having well over twice the population. [[File:Russell Square Perth 9261.jpg|thumb|[[Russell Square, Perth|Russell Square]], Northbridge—historically the favoured meeting place of the Italian community of "[[Little Italy]]"<ref>{{Cite web |title=Russell Square |url=https://visitperth.com/see-and-do/parks-gardens-and-reserves/venues/russell-square |access-date=6 March 2022 |website=Visit Perth |language=en |archive-date=6 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306074010/https://visitperth.com/see-and-do/parks-gardens-and-reserves/venues/russell-square |url-status=live }}</ref>]] The ethnic make-up of Perth changed in the second part of the 20th century when significant numbers of continental European immigrants arrived in the city. Prior to this, Perth's population had been almost completely [[Anglo-Celtic Australian|Anglo-Celtic]] in ethnic origin. As [[Fremantle]] was the first landfall in Australia for many migrant ships coming from Europe in the 1950s and 1960s, Perth started to experience a diverse influx of people, including [[Italian Australians|Italians]], [[Greek people|Greeks]], [[Dutch people|Dutch]], [[German people|Germans]], [[Turkish people|Turks]], [[Croatian people|Croats]] and [[Macedonians (ethnic group)|Macedonians]]. The Italian influence in the Perth and Fremantle area has been substantial, evident in places like the "Cappuccino strip" in Fremantle featuring many Italian eateries and shops. In Fremantle, the traditional Italian [[blessing of the fleet]] festival is held every year at the start of the fishing season. In Northbridge every December is the San Nicola (Saint Nicholas) Festival, which involves a pageant followed by a concert, predominantly in Italian. Suburbs surrounding the Fremantle area, such as [[Spearwood, Western Australia|Spearwood]] and [[Hamilton Hill, Western Australia|Hamilton Hill]], also contain high concentrations of Italians, Croatians and Portuguese. Perth has also been home to a small [[Jewish]] community since 1829<ref>{{cite web |title=The Jewish Community of Perth |url=https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/perth |website=Beit Hatfutsot Open Databases Project |publisher=The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot |access-date=22 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722155424/https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/perth |archive-date=22 July 2018 |url-status=dead }}</ref>—numbering 6,331 in 2021—who have emigrated primarily from Eastern Europe and more recently from South Africa.<ref name=censusj/> [[File:Chinatown Perth 2023 b.jpg|alt=|thumb|[[Chinatown, Perth|Chinatown]] entry on Roe Street]] A more recent wave of arrivals includes [[white South Africans]]. South Africans overtook those born in Italy as the fourth-largest foreign group in 2001. By 2016, there were 35,262 South Africans residing in Perth.<ref name="quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au">{{cite web |title = 2016 Census Community Profiles: Greater Perth |url = https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/5GPER |access-date = 25 February 2021 |website = quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au |archive-date = 25 February 2021 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210225212547/https://quickstats.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2016/communityprofile/5GPER |url-status = dead }}</ref> Many [[Afrikaners]] and [[British diaspora in Africa|Anglo-African]]s emigrated to Perth during the 1980s and 1990s, with the phrase "packing for Perth" becoming associated with South Africans who choose to emigrate abroad, sometimes regardless of the destination.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=1VdPAQAAMAAJ&q=%22packing+for+Perth%22 ''Debates of Parliament''], Government Printer, 1988, page 1787</ref><ref>[http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf Packing for Perth: The Growth of a Southern African Diaspora] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130512200418/http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/eserv/UQ:11195/louw2.pdf |date=12 May 2013 }}, Eric Louw, Gary Mersham, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, 2001 303</ref> As a result, the city has been described as "the Australian capital of South Africans in exile".<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/packing-for-perth-because-of-the-poo-268405 |title = Packing for Perth because of the poo! |access-date = 6 July 2019 |date = 6 March 2006 |last = Yeld |first = John |work = [[Independent Online (South Africa)|IOL]] |publisher = [[Cape Argus]] |archive-date = 6 July 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190706131506/https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/packing-for-perth-because-of-the-poo-268405 |url-status = live }}</ref> The reason for Perth's popularity among [[white South African]]s has often been attributed to the location, the vast amount of land, and the slightly warmer climate compared to other large Australian cities—Perth has a [[Mediterranean climate]] reminiscent of [[Cape Town]]. Since the end of the [[White Australia policy]] in 1973, [[Asia]] has become an increasingly significant source of migrants, with communities from [[Vietnam]], [[Malaysia]], [[Indonesia]], [[Thailand]], [[Singapore]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Mainland China]] and [[India]] all now well established. There were 112,293 persons of [[Chinese Australian|Chinese]] descent in Perth in 2016—5.3% of the city's population.<ref name="auto1"/> These are supported by the Australian Eurasian Association of Western Australia,<ref>[http://www.aeawa.asn.au/ Australian Eurasian Association of WA Inc.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106120920/http://www.aeawa.asn.au/ |date=6 January 2012 }} Official site</ref> which also serves a community of Portuguese-Malacca Eurasian or [[Kristang people|Kristang]] immigrants.<ref>{{cite web |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010102041/http://www.aeawa.asn.au/?page_id=1078 |title=500th Anniversary of Portuguese Landing in Malacca 1511 |website=Australian Eurasian Association of WA Inc |url=http://www.aeawa.asn.au/?page_id=1078 |archive-date=10 October 2011 }}</ref> Middle Eastern immigrants have a presence in Perth. They come from a variety of countries, including [[Saudi Arabia]], [[Syria]], [[Iran]], [[Iraq]], [[Israel]], [[Lebanon]], [[The United Arab Emirates]], [[Oman]], [[Yemen]] and [[Afghanistan]]. The Indian community includes a substantial number of [[Parsi people|Parsees]] who emigrated from [[Bombay]]—Perth being the closest Australian city to India—in 2021 those with Indian ancestry accounted for 3.5% of Perth's population<ref name="auto1"/> Perth is also home to the largest population of [[Anglo-Burmese]] in the world; many settled here following the independence of Burma in 1948 with immigration taking off after 1962. The city is now the cultural hub for Anglo-Burmese worldwide.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kei|first=Nemoto|year=2014|title=The Anglo-Burmese in the 1940s: To become Burmese or not|url=http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Nemoto-2014-The_Anglo-Burmese_in_the_1940s.pdf|journal=The Journal of Sophia Asian Studies|volume=32|page=18|archive-date=23 September 2017|access-date=2 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170923194059/http://www.burmalibrary.org/docs21/Nemoto-2014-The_Anglo-Burmese_in_the_1940s.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> There is also a substantial [[Anglo-Indian]] population in Perth, who also settled in the city following the independence of India. At the 2021 census, 2% of Perth's population identified as being [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] and/or [[Torres Strait Islander]].{{efn |Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.}}<ref name="quickstats 2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/5GPER|title=2021 Greater Perth, Census All persons QuickStats|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|access-date=2 July 2022|archive-date=29 June 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629063424/https://www.abs.gov.au/census/find-census-data/quickstats/2021/5GPER|url-status=live}}</ref> ===Language=== At the 2021 census, 74% of inhabitants spoke only English at home, with the next most common languages being [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] (2.3%), [[Italian language|Italian]] (1.1%), [[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]] (1.0%), [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (0.9%) and [[Cantonese]] (0.9%).<ref name="quickstats 2021"/> ===Religion=== [[File:St Mary's Cathedral, Perth. Exterior of the new side from the north west b.jpg|thumb|[[St Mary's Cathedral, Perth|St Mary's Cathedral]]]] 41.8% of the 2021 census respondents in Perth had no religion,<ref name="quickstats 2021"/> as against 38.4% of national population.<ref name="quickstats 2021"/> In 1911, the national figure was 0.4%.<ref name="Losing">{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features30Nov+2013|title=Main Features— Losing my religion?|website=Australian Bureau of Statistics|date=20 November 2013|language=en|access-date=17 May 2016|archive-date=29 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170729165013/http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features30Nov+2013|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Catholics]] are the largest single Christian denomination in the Greater Perth area at 19.5%.<ref name="quickstats 2021"/> Perth is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Perth]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Overview |url=http://www.perthcatholic.org.au/about-us/index.cfm?loadref=2 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801155049/http://www.perthcatholic.org.au/about-us/index.cfm?loadref=2 |archive-date=1 August 2015 |access-date=2 July 2015 |publisher=Archdiocese of Perth }}</ref> The [[Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross]] claims over 2,000 members.<ref>[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/daupo.html Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920105718/http://catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/daupo.html |date=20 September 2012 }} at Catholic Hierarchy.org</ref> [[Anglican]]s are 9.9% of the population.<ref name="quickstats 2021"/> Perth is the seat of the [[Anglican Diocese of Perth]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Anglican Diocese of Perth|url=http://www.perth.anglican.org|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120917120949/http://www.perth.anglican.org/diocese/|archive-date=17 September 2012|access-date=2 July 2015|website=Anglican Diocese of Perth}}</ref> [[Buddhism]] and [[Islam]] each have more than 50,000 adherents.<ref name="profile.id.com.au">{{Cite web |title=Religion {{!}} Australia {{!}} Community profile |url=https://profile.id.com.au/australia/religion?WebID=300 |access-date=2023-07-17 |website=profile.id.com.au |archive-date=8 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160408162642/http://profile.id.com.au/australia/religion?WebID=300 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The suburb of [[Gidgegannup, Western Australia|Gidgengannup]] in the [[Perth Hills]] is home to the Dhammasara Nuns Monastery of the Buddhist [[Thai Forest Tradition]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-20 |title=Dhammasara Buddhist Community Nuns |url=https://www.perthnow.com.au/community-news/the-advocate/gidgegannup-dhammasara-buddhist-community-nuns-get-property-ready-for-fire-season-c-819042 |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Community News |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527133201/https://www.perthnow.com.au/community-news/the-advocate/gidgegannup-dhammasara-buddhist-community-nuns-get-property-ready-for-fire-season-c-819042 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=about dhammasara |url=https://bswa.org/our-locations/history-of-dhammasara/ |access-date=2023-05-27 |website=Buddhist Society of Western Australia |language=en-AU |archive-date=27 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230527133211/https://bswa.org/our-locations/history-of-dhammasara/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Over 31,000 members of the [[Uniting Church in Australia]] live in Perth.<ref name="profile.id.com.au"/> Perth has the third largest [[Jews|Jewish]] population in Australia, numbering approximately 6,331 in the 2021 census.<ref name=censusj>[https://jca.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/The-Jewish-Population-of-Australia-Report_2021-Census-1.pdf The Jewish population of Australia] jca.org.au. May 2024</ref> Perth's [[Jewish Day School]], [[Carmel School (Perth)|Carmel School]] claims a city Jewish population closer to 10,000.<ref>[https://www.carmel.wa.edu.au/community/life-in-perth/the-perth-jewish-community/ The Perth Jewish Community] Carmel School. Retrieved on 14 November 2024</ref> The city is home to both Orthodox and Progressive synagogues, most notably [[Perth Hebrew Congregation]] and [[Temple David (Perth, Western Australia)|Temple David]]. There is also a [[Chabad house]] in Perth. The [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼí]] community in Perth numbers around 2,178.<ref name="profile.id.com.au"/> [[Hinduism]] has over 49,000 adherents in Perth;<ref name="profile.id.com.au"/> the [[Diwali]] (festival of lights) celebration in 2009 attracted over 20,000 visitors. There are Hindu temples in [[Canning Vale]], [[Anketell]] and a [[Swaminarayan (spiritual tradition)|Swaminarayan]] temple in [[Bennett Springs, Western Australia|Bennett Springs]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com.au/maps/search/hindu+temples/@-31.9664213,115.9313298,9z?hl=en-AU|title=Google Maps|website=Google Maps|access-date=17 May 2016|archive-date=8 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708074308/https://www.google.com.au/maps/search/hindu+temples/@-31.9664213,115.9313298,9z?hl=en-AU|url-status=live}}</ref> Hinduism is the fastest growing religion in Australia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/CO-61|title=2011 Census reveals Hinduism|last=Statistics|language=en|access-date=17 May 2016|archive-date=18 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318063452/http://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/censushome.nsf/home/CO-61|url-status=live}}</ref> Perth is also home to 4,719 [[Mormons]]<ref name="profile.id.com.au"/> and the [[Perth Australia Temple]] of [[the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]].
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