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Physical Address Extension
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=== Linux === {{see also|Executable space protection#Linux}} The [[Linux kernel]] includes full PAE-mode support starting with version 2.3.23,<ref>{{cite mailing list | title = 2.3.23-pre4 x86 64 GB RAM changes [HIGHMEM patch] explained a bit | url = http://lkml.indiana.edu/hypermail/linux/kernel/9910.2/0542.html |first=Ingo |last=Molnar |date=20 October 1999 |mailing-list=linux-kernel}}</ref> in 1999 enabling access of up to 64 GB of memory on 32-bit machines. A PAE-enabled Linux kernel requires that the CPU also support PAE. The Linux kernel supports PAE as a build option and major distributions provide a PAE kernel either as the default or as an option. The NX bit feature requires a kernel built with PAE support.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-6zvRFEfQ24C |title=Professional Linux Kernel Architecture |isbn=978-1-118-07991-1 |at=Figure 3.16 Code flow for paging_init |quote=Execute Disable Protection is also enabled if supported by processor and if the kernel was compiled with PAE support; unfortunately, the feature is otherwise not available. |last1=Mauerer |first1=Wolfgang |date=11 March 2010 }}</ref> [[Linux distributions]] now commonly use a PAE-enabled kernel as the default, a trend that began in 2009.<ref name=fedora11>{{cite web | title = x86 Specifics for Fedora 11 | url = http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/11/html/Release_Notes/sect-Release_Notes-Architecture_Specific_Notes.html#sect-Release_Notes-x86_Specifics_for_Fedora |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100704051357/http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/11/html/Release_Notes/sect-Release_Notes-Architecture_Specific_Notes.html |archive-date=2010-07-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> {{as of|2012}} many, including [[Ubuntu]] (and derivatives like [[Xubuntu]] and [[Linux Mint]]),<ref name=xubuntu-non-pae-end>{{cite web|title=Xubuntu 12.04 released|url=http://xubuntu.org/news/12-04-release/|website=Xubuntu.org|access-date=24 October 2015|date=April 26, 2012|quote= The non-PAE kernel will not be available in future Xubuntu releases.}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = PAE | url = https://help.ubuntu.com/community/PAE | website = Ubuntu Community Help Wiki | access-date = 2023-07-11}}</ref> [[Red Hat Enterprise Linux]] 6.0,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://access.redhat.com/site/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/6.0_Release_Notes/kernel.html|title=RHEL 6 Release Notes, 12.6. General Kernel Updates 12.6.1. Physical Address Extension (PAE)|publisher=RedHat|access-date=27 November 2013}}</ref> and [[CentOS]], have stopped distributing non-PAE kernels, thus making PAE-supporting hardware mandatory. Linux distributions that require PAE may refuse to boot on [[Pentium M]] family processors because they do not show the PAE support flag in their CPUID information (even though it is supported internally).<ref name="Pentium-M-PAE"/> However, this can be easily bypassed with the <code>forcepae</code> option.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html |title=The kernel's command-line parameters |work=The Linux Kernel documentation}}</ref> Distributions that still provide a non-PAE option, including [[Debian]] (and derivatives like [[Linux Mint#Debian-based edition|LMDE 2 (Linux Mint Debian Edition)]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Known problems in Linux Mint Debian|url=http://linuxmint.com/rel_debian.php|quote=To guarantee compatibility with non-PAE processors, the 32-bit versions of Linux Mint Debian come with a 486 kernel by default.|access-date=2015-10-24|archive-date=2015-10-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016052124/http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_debian.php|url-status=dead}}</ref>), [[Slackware]], and [[LXLE Linux|LXLE]], typically do so with "i386", "i486", or "retro" labels.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://puppylinux.org/wikka/PuppyPrecise |title=Precise Puppy |work=puppylinux.org |publisher=PuppyLinux |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813071203/http://puppylinux.org/wikka/PuppyPrecise |archive-date=2014-08-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch02s01.html.en |title=2.1. Supported Hardware |work=Debian GNU/Linux Installation Guide |publisher=SPI |access-date=20 April 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513011042/https://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/ch02s01.html.en |archive-date=2014-05-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The article [[Light-weight Linux distribution]] does list some others, allowing to install Linux onto old computers.
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