Editing Rogue wave (section)

===20th century===
* [[SS Kronprinz Wilhelm|SS ''Kronprinz Wilhelm'']], September 18, 1901&nbsp;– The most modern German ocean liner of its time (winner of the [[Blue Riband]]) was damaged on its maiden voyage from Cherbourg to New York by a huge wave. The wave struck the ship head-on.<ref>''[[The New York Times]]'', September 26, 1901, p. 16</ref>
* [[RMS Lusitania|RMS ''Lusitania'']] (1910)&nbsp;– On the night of 10 January 1910, a {{convert|75|ft|m|adj=on|order=flip|abbr=on}} wave struck the ship over the bow, damaging the forecastle deck and smashing the bridge windows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://freaquewaves.blogspot.com/2009/12/encounter-of-rms-lusitania.html|title=Freaque Waves: The encounter of RMS Lusitania|last=Freaquewaves|date=17 December 2009|website=freaquewaves.blogspot.com|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
* [[Voyage of the James Caird|Voyage of the ''James Caird'']] (1916)&nbsp;– [[Sir Ernest Shackleton]] encountered a wave he termed "gigantic" while piloting a lifeboat from [[Elephant Island]] to [[South Georgia]].<ref name="Müller, et al.">{{Cite web| url=http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/18_3/18.3_muller_et_al.pdf | title=Rogue Waves - The fourteenth ‘aha huliko’a Hawaiian winter workshop | access-date=2010-01-10 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106002536/http://www.tos.org/oceanography/issues/issue_archive/issue_pdfs/18_3/18.3_muller_et_al.pdf | archive-date=2009-01-06}}, Müller, et al., "Rogue Waves," 2005</ref>
* [[USS Tennessee (ACR-10)|USS ''Memphis'']], August 29, 1916&nbsp;– An [[armored cruiser]], formerly known as the USS ''Tennessee'', wrecked while stationed in the harbor of [[Santo Domingo]], with 43 men killed or lost, by a succession of three waves, the largest estimated at 70 feet.<ref>Smith, Craig B., ''Extreme Waves'', pp.67-70 (Washington, D.C.: [[Joseph Henry Press]], 2006) {{ISBN|0-309-10062-3}}.</ref>
* [[RMS Homeric (1913)|RMS ''Homeric'']] (1924)&nbsp;– Hit by a {{convert|80|ft|adj=on|order=flip|abbr=on}} wave while sailing through a hurricane off the East Coast of the United States, injuring seven people, smashing numerous windows and portholes, carrying away one of the lifeboats, and snapping chairs and other fittings from their fastenings.<ref name="Kerbrech">{{cite book|last1=Kerbrech|first1=Richard De|title=Ships of the White Star Line|date=2009|publisher=Ian Allan Publishing|page=190|isbn=978-0-7110-3366-5}}</ref>
* [[USS Ramapo (AO-12)|USS ''Ramapo'']] (1933) – Triangulated at {{convert|112|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}}.<ref name="broad">[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/11/science/11wave.html?8dpc Rogue Giants at Sea], Broad, William J, ''[[New York Times]]'', July 11, 2006</ref>
* {{RMS|Queen Mary}} (1942) – [[wikt:broadside|Broadsided]] by a {{convert|92|ft|m|adj=on|order=flip|abbr=on}} wave and listed briefly about 52° before slowly righting.<ref name="Parker2012"/>
* [[Michelangelo (ship)|SS ''Michelangelo'']] (1966) – Hole torn in superstructure, heavy glass was smashed by the wave {{convert|80|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} above the waterline, and three deaths.<ref name="broad"/>
* {{SS|Edmund Fitzgerald}} (1975) – Lost on [[Lake Superior]], a Coast Guard report blamed water entry to the hatches, which gradually filled the hold, or errors in navigation or charting causing damage from running onto [[shoal]]s. However, another nearby ship, the {{SS|Arthur M. Anderson}}, was hit at a similar time by two rogue waves and possibly a third, and this appeared to coincide with the sinking around 10 minutes later.<ref name="Wolff"/>
* {{MS|München}} (1978) – Lost at sea, leaving only scattered wreckage and signs of sudden damage including extreme forces {{convert|66|ft|m|order=flip|abbr=on}} above the water line. Although more than one wave was probably involved, this remains the most likely sinking due to a freak wave.<ref name="BBCFreak"/>
* [[Esso Languedoc]] (1980) – A {{convert|25|to|30|m|ft|adj=on|-1|abbr=on}} wave washed across the deck from the stern of the French [[supertanker]] near [[Durban]], South Africa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites |url=https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Ship-sinking_monster_waves_revealed_by_ESA_satellites |access-date=2024-11-12 |website=www.esa.int |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Kastner|first1=Jeffrey|title=Sea Monsters|url=http://www.cabinetmagazine.org/issues/16/kastner.php|magazine=Cabinet Magazine|access-date=10 October 2017}}</ref>
* [[Fastnet Lighthouse]] – Struck by a {{convert|48|m|ft|adj=on|}} wave in 1985<ref>{{Cite news |title=Light on a lonely rock |url=https://www.economist.com/christmas-specials/2008/12/18/light-on-a-lonely-rock |access-date=2024-11-12 |newspaper=The Economist |issn=0013-0613}}</ref>
* Draupner wave ([[North Sea]], 1995) – The first rogue wave confirmed with scientific evidence, it had a maximum height of {{convert|26|m|ft|}}.<ref name="esa.int">{{cite web |url=http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMOKQL26WD_index_0.html|title=Ship-sinking monster waves revealed by ESA satellites|last=esa|website=esa.int|access-date=26 March 2018}}</ref>
* ''[[Queen Elizabeth 2]]'' (1995) – Encountered a {{Convert|29|m|ft|adj = on|abbr=on}} wave in the North Atlantic, during [[Hurricane Luis]]. The master said it "came out of the darkness" and "looked like the [[White Cliffs of Dover]]."<ref name="skuld">{{cite web|url=http://www.skuld.com/upload/News%20and%20Publications/Publications/Beacon/Beacon%202005%20185/Freak%20waves.pdf |title=Freak waves |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080414151343/http://www.skuld.com/upload/News%20and%20Publications/Publications/Beacon/Beacon%202005%20185/Freak%20waves.pdf |archive-date=2008-04-14 }}&nbsp;{{small|(1.07&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]])}}, ''Beacon'' #185, [[Assuranceforeningen Skuld|Skuld]], June 2005</ref> Newspaper reports at the time described the cruise liner as attempting to "[[surfing|surf]]" the near-vertical wave in order not to be sunk.