Editing Route of administration (section)

===Intranasal===
Drug administration via the nasal cavity yields rapid drug absorption and therapeutic effects.<ref name="Kaminsky Bostwick Guthrie 2015 pp. 808–817">{{cite journal | last1=Kaminsky | first1=Bonnie M. | last2=Bostwick | first2=Jolene R. | last3=Guthrie | first3=Sally K. | title=Alternate Routes of Administration of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Medications | journal=The Annals of Pharmacotherapy | publisher=SAGE Publications | volume=49 | issue=7 | date=2015-04-23 | issn=1060-0280 | pmid=25907529 | doi=10.1177/1060028015583893 | pages=808–817| s2cid=39802797 }}</ref> This is because drug absorption through the nasal passages does not go through the gut before entering [[capillaries]] situated at [[tissue cell]]s and then systemic circulation and such absorption route allows transport of drugs into the [[central nervous system]] via the pathways of [[olfactory]] and [[trigeminal nerve]].<ref name="Kaminsky Bostwick Guthrie 2015 pp. 808–817"/>

Intranasal absorption features low lipophilicity, enzymatic degradation within the nasal cavity, large molecular size, and rapid mucociliary clearance from the nasal passages, which explains the low [[bioavailability|risk of systemic exposure of the administered drug absorbed]] via intranasal.<ref name="Kaminsky Bostwick Guthrie 2015 pp. 808–817"/>

[[File:Capillaries.jpg|thumbnail|upright=2|center|Involved subjects' positions.]]