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Running
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=== Cardiovascular === While there exists the potential for injury while running (just as there is in any sport), there are many benefits. Some of these benefits include potential [[weight loss]], improved [[Circulatory system|cardiovascular]] and [[Respiratory system|respiratory]] health (reducing the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases), improved cardiovascular fitness, reduced total blood [[cholesterol]], strengthening of bones (and potentially increased bone density), possible strengthening of the [[immune system]] and an improved self-esteem and emotional state.<ref>{{Cite news |url=http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/11/04/phys-ed-why-doesnt-exercise-lead-to-weight-loss/ | title = Phys Ed: Why Doesn't Exercise Lead to Weight Loss? | date = 4 November 2009 | author = Gretchen Reynolds | work = [[The New York Times]] }}</ref> Running, like all forms of regular exercise, can effectively slow<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/28/AR2008012801873.html | title = Exercise Could Slow Aging of Body, Study Suggests | author = Rob Stein | newspaper = [[The Washington Post]] | date = 29 January 2008 }}</ref> or reverse<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/270266.stm|title=Health - Exercise 'can reverse ageing'|work=bbc.co.uk}}</ref> the effects of aging. Even people who have already experienced a heart attack are 20% less likely to develop serious heart problems if more engaged in running or any type of aerobic activity.<ref>The science of exercise shows benefits beyond weight loss. (2019). In Harvard Health Publications (Ed.), Harvard Medical School commentaries on health. Boston, MA: Harvard Health Publications. Retrieved from https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/hhphoh/the_science_of_exercise_shows_benefits_beyond_weight_loss/0</ref> Although an optimal amount of vigorous [[aerobic exercise]] such as running might bring benefits related to lower [[cardiovascular disease]] and life extension, an excessive dose (e.g., [[marathon]]s) might have an opposite effect associated with [[cardiotoxicity]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.001|pmid=26362561|title=Effects of Running on Chronic Diseases and Cardiovascular and All-Cause Mortality|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=90|issue=11|pages=1541β1552|year=2015|last1=Lavie|first1=Carl J.|last2=Lee|first2=Duck-Chul|last3=Sui|first3=Xuemei|last4=Arena|first4=Ross|last5=O'Keefe|first5=James H.|last6=Church|first6=Timothy S.|last7=Milani|first7=Richard V.|last8=Blair|first8=Steven N.|doi-access=free}}</ref>
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