Editing Sociotechnical system (section)

===Motivation===
[[Motivation]] in psychology refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior.<ref>Geen, R. G.  (1995), Human motivation: A social psychological approach. Belmont, CA: Cole.{{page needed|date=October 2020}}</ref> Motivation is a temporal and dynamic state that should not be confused with personality or emotion.  Motivation is having the desire and willingness to do something. A motivated person can be reaching for a long-term goal such as becoming a professional writer or a more short-term goal like learning how to spell a particular word. Personality invariably refers to more or less permanent characteristics of an individual's state of being (e.g., shy, extrovert, conscientious). As opposed to motivation, emotion refers to temporal states that do not immediately link to behavior (e.g., anger, grief, happiness).
With the view that socio-technical design is by which intelligence and skill combined with emerging technologies could improve the work-life balance of employees, it is also believed that the aim is to achieve both a safer and more pleasurable workplace as well as to see greater democracy in society. The achievement of these aims would therefore lead to increased motivation of employees and would directly and positively influence their ability to express ideas. [[Enid Mumford|Enid Mumford's]] work on redesigning designing human systems also expressed that it is the role of the facilitator to “keep the members interested and motivated toward the design task, to help them resolve any conflicts”.<ref name=Enid2003>Mumford, E. 2003. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Cmy-zT3qTYEC ''Redesigning Human Systems''].(pp 41) Cambridge: IRM Press, London University Press. {{ISBN|9781931777889}}.</ref>

Mumford <ref name=Mumford2000>{{Cite book|last=Mumford|first=E|title=Organizational and Social Perspectives on Information Technology. IFIP - The International Federation for Information Processing|publisher=Springer, Boston, MA|year=2000|isbn=978-1-4757-6107-8|editor-last=Baskerville|editor-first=R|volume=41|pages=33–46|chapter=Socio-Technical Design: An Unfulfilled Promise or a Future Opportunity?|series=IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-35505-4_3|editor-last2=Stage|editor-first2=J|editor-last3=DeGross|editor-first3=J.I.}}</ref> states that although technology and organizational structures may change in industry, the employee rights and needs must be given a high priority. Future commercial success requires motivated work forces who are committed to their employers’ interests. This requires companies; managers who are dedicated to creating this motivation and recognize what is required for it to be achieved. Returning to socio-technical values, objectives; principals may provide an answer.

Mumford reflects on leadership within organisations, because lack of leadership has proven to be the downfall of most companies. As competition increases employers have lost their valued and qualified employees to their competitors. Opportunities such as better job roles and an opportunity to work your way up has motivated these employees to join their rivals. Mumford suggests that a delegation of responsibility could help employees stay motivated as they would feel appreciated and belonging thus keeping them in their current organization. Leadership is key as employees would prefer following a structure and knowing that there is opportunity to improve.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Mumford|first=E|date=2000|editor-last=Baskerville|editor-first=R|editor2-last=Stage|editor2-first=J|editor3-last=DeGross|editor3-first=J|title=An Unfulfilled Promise or a Future Opportunity|journal=IFIP — the International Federation for Information Processing|volume=41|pages=33–46|doi=10.1007/978-0-387-35505-4_3|doi-access=free}}</ref>

When Mumford analysed the role of user participation during two ES projects A drawback that was found was that users found it difficult to see beyond their current practices and found it difficult to anticipate how things can be done differently. Motivation was found to be another challenge during this process as users were not interested in participating (Wagner, 2007).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wagner |first1=Erica |last2=Newell |first2=Sue |title=Exploring the Importance of Participation in the Post-Implementation Period of an ES Project: A Neglected Area |journal=Journal of the Association for Information Systems |date=October 2007 |volume=8 |issue=10 |pages=508–524 |doi=10.17705/1jais.00142 |s2cid=3243305 |url=http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1332&context=jais |doi-access=free |url-access=subscription }}</ref>