Editing Soho (section)

===Music===
The music scene in Soho can be traced back to 1948 and [[Club Eleven]], generally regarded as the first venue where modern jazz, or [[bebop]],  was performed in the UK. It closed in 1950 following a drugs raid.<ref>{{cite book|title=Circular Breathing: The Cultural Politics of Jazz in Britain e-Duke books scholarly collection|first=George|last=McKay|publisher=Duke University Press|year=2005|isbn=978-0-822-38728-2|page=112}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Marek Kohn|title=Dope Girls: The Birth Of The British Drug Underground|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r5wu3JAHsowC&pg=PA177|date=7 March 2013|publisher=Granta Publications|isbn=978-1-84708-886-4|page=177}}</ref> The Harmony Inn was a hang-out for musicians on Archer Street operating during the 1940s and 1950s.<ref>{{cite book|title=In the City: A Celebration of London Music|first=Paul|last=Du Noyer|publisher=Random House|year=2010|page=74|isbn=978-0-753-51574-7}}</ref>

[[File:Keith moon at marquee.JPG|thumb|left|A [[blue plaque]] at the site of the [[Marquee Club]] on Wardour Street, Soho, commemorating [[Keith Moon]]'s performances there with [[The Who]]]]

The [[Ken Colyer]] Band's 51 Club, a venue for [[Trad jazz|traditional jazz]],  opened on Great Newport Street in 1951.{{sfn|Allen|2016|p=75}} Blues guitarist and harmonica player [[Cyril Davies]] and guitarist Bob Watson launched the London Skiffle Centre, London's first [[skiffle]] club, on the first floor of the Roundhouse pub on Wardour Street in 1952. It was renamed the [[London Blues and Barrelhouse Club]] in the late 1950s, and closed in 1964.{{sfn|Allen|2016|p=66}}

In the early 1950s, Soho became the centre of the [[beatnik]] culture in London. The first coffee bar to open was Moka at No.&nbsp;29 Frith Street. It was formally opened in 1953 by the film star [[Gina Lollobrigida]], and the frothed coffee produced from stainless steel machines was pioneering in British culture.{{sfn|Hutton|2012|pp=61–2}} ''Le Macabre'' on Wardour Street, had coffin-shaped tables, fostered beat poetry, jive dance and political debate.{{sfn|Hutton|2012|p=62}} The Goings On, in Archer Street, was a Sunday afternoon club organised by the beat poet [[Pete Brown]], active in the mid-1960s. For the rest of the week, it operated as an illegal [[gambling den]]. [[Pink Floyd]] played at the club at the beginning of their career.<ref>{{cite book|title=Pink Floyd: The Early Years|first=Barry|last=Miles|publisher=Omnibus Press|page=86|year=2011|isbn=978-0-857-12740-2}}</ref>

[[The 2i's Coffee Bar]] was one of the first rock clubs in Europe. It initially opened on No.&nbsp;44 Gerard Street in 1956, but soon moved to its more famous venue of No.&nbsp;59 Old Compton Street.{{sfn|Allen|2016|p=76}} Soho quickly became the centre of the fledgling rock scene in London. Clubs included the [[Flamingo Club (London)|Flamingo Club]], a regular gig for [[Georgie Fame]],{{sfn|Allen|2016|p=45}}{{sfn|Haslam|2015|p=110}} [[Ronan O'Rahilly]]'s [[Scene (club)|The Scene]], which opened in 1963 and catered for the [[Mod (subculture)|Mod movement]] with regular attendees including [[Steve Marriot]] and [[Andrew Loog Oldham]],{{sfn|Haslam|2015|p=109}} and jazz clubs like [[Ronnie Scott's]], which opened in 1959 at 39 Gerrard Street and moved to 47 Frith Street in 1965.{{sfn|Weinreb|Hibbert|Keay|Keay|2008|p=702}}

[[File:Hanks Guitar Shop, 27 Denmark Street WC2 - 2015-03-10 14.55.33 (by Garry Knight).jpg|thumb|A typical music shop on [[Denmark Street]]]]
Soho's Wardour Street was the home of the [[Marquee Club]], which opened in 1958. In the 1960s, numerous major rock bands played at the venue, including early performances from the [[Rolling Stones]] in July 1962 and [[The Who]] in late 1964,{{sfn|Haslam|2015|p=119}} [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[David Bowie]], [[Led Zeppelin]], [[Pink Floyd]], [[Jethro Tull (band)|Jethro Tull]], [[AC/DC]] and [[Iron Maiden]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/in-pictures-the-history-of-some-of-londons-iconic-music-venues-a3179386.html|title=In pictures: The history of some of London's iconic music venues|first=Laura|last=Proto|work=London Evening Standard|date=14 February 2016|access-date=6 November 2017}}</ref> [[Eric Clapton]] and [[Brian Jones]] both lived for a time in Soho, sharing a flat with future rock publicist, [[Tony Brainsby]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110517101903/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-5046752.html "Tony Brainsby, Obituary"], ''The Independent'' March 2000.</ref>

[[Trident Studios]] was based at 17 [[St Anne's Court]], Soho and was a major London recording studio.<ref name=timeout>{{cite journal|url=https://www.timeout.com/london/blog/11-legendary-recording-studios-in-london-every-muso-should-know-112515|title=11 legendary recording studios in London every muso should know|journal=Time Out|date=24 November 2015 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref> It was established by Norman and Barry Sheffield in 1968, who wanted to expand from the small studio they had above their music shop. It became immediately successful after [[The Beatles]] decided to record several tracks on ''[[The Beatles (album)|The White Album]]'' there, as the facilities were better than [[Abbey Road studios]]. [[Queen (band)|Queen]] were originally managed by the Sheffields, and recorded their first four albums at Trident. Other artists who recorded at Trident include [[David Bowie]], [[Elton John]], [[Free (band)|Free]] and [[Thin Lizzy]]. It closed as a general-purpose recording studio in 1981, but has since reopened in various guises, including providing sound and mixing services for television.<ref name=timeout/><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cambridgeaudio.com/usa/en/blog/great-british-recording-studios-trident-studios |title=Great British Recording Studios – Trident Studios |publisher=Cambridge Audio |access-date=8 November 2017|date=9 February 2017 }}</ref>

Although technically not part of Soho, the adjacent [[Denmark Street]] is known for its connections with [[British popular music]], and is nicknamed the British [[Tin Pan Alley]] due to its large concentration of shops selling musical instruments.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/musicblog/2015/jan/20/london-music-scene-denmark-street-tin-pan-alley |title=Why London's music scene has been rocked by the death of Denmark Street |newspaper=The Guardian |date=20 January 2015 |access-date=18 May 2017|first1=Marc|last1=Burrows}}</ref> The [[Sex Pistols]] lived beneath No.&nbsp;6 and recorded their first demos there. [[Jimi Hendrix]], [[the Rolling Stones]] and [[David Bowie]] have all recorded at studios on Denmark Street and [[Elton John]] wrote his hit "[[Your Song]]" in the street.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-26912005 |title=London's Tin Pan Alley gets blue plaque |work=BBC News |date=6 April 2014|access-date=29 June 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://music.guardian.co.uk/rock/story/0,,2140401,00.html |title=Making tracks |first=Andrew |last=Smith |work=The Guardian |date=4 August 2007 |access-date=26 June 2014}}</ref> [[Led Zeppelin]]'s first rehearsal in 1968 was in a basement studio on Gerrard Street.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://ultimateclassicrock.com/led-zeppelin-play-together-first-time/ |title=The Day Led Zeppelin Played Together For The First Time |journal=Ultimate Classic Rock |date=12 August 2015 |access-date=8 November 2017}}</ref>