Editing Subjunctive mood (section)

====Italian====
The [[Italian grammar#Subjunctive mood|Italian subjunctive]] ({{lang|it|congiuntivo}}) is commonly used, although, especially in the spoken language, it is sometimes substituted by the indicative.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.corriere.it/cultura/16_dicembre_11/francesco-sabatini-linguistica-filologo-libro-mondadori-accademia-crusca-congiuntivo-17dc905c-bfbd-11e6-ab31-2a5a06e0ce0a.shtml|title=Congiuntivo in calo, nessun dramma. La Crusca: la lingua è natura, si evolve|last=STEFANO|first=PAOLO DI|date=2016-11-12|website=Corriere della Sera|language=it|access-date=2020-01-08|archive-date=2024-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240829212619/https://www.corriere.it/cultura/16_dicembre_11/francesco-sabatini-linguistica-filologo-libro-mondadori-accademia-crusca-congiuntivo-17dc905c-bfbd-11e6-ab31-2a5a06e0ce0a.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref>

The subjunctive is used mainly in subordinate clauses following a set phrase or conjunction, such as {{lang|it|benché}}, {{lang|it|senza che}}, {{lang|it|prima che}}, or {{lang|it|perché}}. It is also used with verbs of doubt, possibility and expressing an opinion or desire, for example with {{lang|it|credo che}}, {{lang|it|è possibile che}} and {{lang|it|ritengo che}}, and sometimes with superlatives and virtual superlatives.
* English: I believe (that) she {{lang|it|is}} the best.
* Italian: {{lang|it|(Io) credo (che) (ella/lei) sia la migliore.}}

Differently from the French subjunctive, the Italian one is used after expressions like {{lang|it|Penso che}} ("I think that"), where in French the indicative would be used. However, it is also possible to use the subjunctive after the expression {{lang|fr|Je ne pense pas que...}} ("I don't think that..."), and in questions like {{lang|fr|Penses-tu que...}} ("Do you think that..."), even though the indicative forms can be correct, too.

=====Present subjunctive=====
The present subjunctive is similar to, but still mostly distinguishable from, the present indicative. Subject pronouns are often used with the present subjunctive where they are normally omitted in the indicative, since in the first, second and third person singular forms they are the same, so the person is not implicitly implied from the verb. Irregular verbs tend to follow the first person singular form, such as the present subjunctive forms of {{lang|it|andare}}, which goes to {{lang|it|vada}} etc. (first person singular form is {{lang|it|vado}}).

The present subjunctive is used in a range of situations in clauses taking the subjunctive.
* English: "It is possible that they have to leave."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|È possibile che debbano partire.}}"
* English: "My parents want me to play the piano."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|I miei genitori vogliono che io suoni il pianoforte.}}"

The present subjunctive is used mostly in subordinate clauses, as in the examples above. However, exceptions include imperatives using the subjunctive (using the third person), and general statements of desire.
* English: "Be careful!"
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Stia attento!}}"
* English: "Long live the republic!"
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Viva la repubblica!}}"

=====Imperfect subjunctive=====
The Italian imperfect subjunctive is very similar in appearance to (but used much more in speech than) the French imperfect subjunctive, and forms are largely regular, apart from the verbs {{lang|it|essere, dare}} and {{lang|it|stare}} (which go to {{lang|it|fossi, dessi}} and {{lang|it|stessi}} etc.). However, unlike in French, where it is often replaced with the present subjunctive, the imperfect subjunctive is far more common. Verbs with a contracted infinitive, such as {{lang|it|dire}} (short for {{lang|it|dicere}}) revert to the longer form in the imperfect subjunctive (to give {{lang|it|dicessi}} etc., for example).

The imperfect subjunctive is used in subordinate clauses taking the subjunctive where the sense of the verb requires the imperfect.
* English: "It seemed that Elsa ''was not coming''."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Sembrava che Elsa non venisse.}}"
* English: "The teacher slowed down, so that we ''would understand'' everything."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|L’insegnante rallentava, affinché capissimo tutto.}}"

The imperfect subjunctive is used in "if" clauses, where the main clause is in the conditional tense, as in English and German.
* English: "If I ''had'' a lot of money, I would buy many cars."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Se avessi molti soldi, comprerei tante automobili.}}"
* English: "You would know if we ''were lying''."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Sapresti se mentissimo.}}"

=====Perfect and pluperfect subjunctives=====
The perfect and pluperfect subjunctives are formed much like the indicative perfect and pluperfect, except the auxiliary (either {{lang|it|avere}} or {{lang|it|essere}}) verb takes the present and imperfect subjunctive respectively.

They are used in subordinate clauses which require the subjunctive, where the sense of the verb requires use of the perfect or pluperfect.
* English: "Although they ''had'' not ''killed'' the doctor, the police arrested the men."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Benché non avessero ucciso il medico, la polizia arrestò gli uomini.}}"
* English: "I would have done it, provided you ''had helped'' me."
* Italian: "{{lang|it|Lo avrei fatto, purché tu mi avessi assistito.}}"