Editing Syringe (section)

==Historical timeline==
[[File:De medicina V00117 00000006.tif|thumb|''[[De Medicina]]'' by the Roman author [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]], later the first medical textbook to be printed]]
*Piston syringes were used in ancient times. During the 1st century AD [[Aulus Cornelius Celsus]] mentioned the use of them to treat medical complications in his ''[[De Medicina]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Die zweitausendjährige Geschichte der Ohrenspritze und ihre Verflechtung mit dem Klistier|year=1999|journal=Laryngorhinootologie | last=Feldmann|first=H.|volume=78|issue=8|pages=462–467|doi=10.1055/s-2007-996909|pmid=10488468}}</ref>
*9th century: The [[Iraqi people|Iraqi]]/[[Egyptians|Egyptian]] surgeon [[Ophthalmology in medieval Islam|Ammar ibn 'Ali al-Mawsili']] described a syringe in the 9th century using a hollow glass tube, and suction to remove [[cataracts]] from patients' eyes, a practice that remained in use until at least the 13th century.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Origins of Neuroscience: A History of Explorations Into Brain Function|first=Stanley|last=Finger|year=1994|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|isbn=978-0-19-514694-3|page=70}}</ref>
*Pre-Columbian Native Americans created early hypodermic needles and syringes using "hollow bird bones and small animal bladders".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040913_information_about_indians_2.html|title=16 Indian Innovations: From Popcorn to Parkas|website=news.nationalgeographic.com|access-date=2017-12-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016031119/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/09/0914_040913_information_about_indians_2.html|archive-date=2017-10-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/traditional-societies/10-native-inventions-and-innovations-that-changed-the-world/|title=10 Native Inventions and Innovations That Changed the World - Indian Country Media Network|website=indiancountrymedianetwork.com|language=en-US|access-date=2017-12-25|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171225203211/https://indiancountrymedianetwork.com/history/traditional-societies/10-native-inventions-and-innovations-that-changed-the-world/|archive-date=2017-12-25}}</ref>
*1650: [[Blaise Pascal]] invented a syringe (not necessarily hypodermic) as an application of what is now called [[Pascal's law]].
*1844: Irish physician [[Francis Rynd]] invented the hollow needle and used it to make the first recorded subcutaneous injections, specifically a sedative to treat [[neuralgia]].
*1853: [[Charles Pravaz]] and [[Alexander Wood (physician)|Alexander Wood]] independently developed medical syringes with a needle fine enough to pierce the skin. Pravaz's syringe was made of silver and used a screw mechanism to dispense fluids. Wood's syringe was made of glass, enabling its contents to be seen and measured, and used a plunger to inject them. It is effectively the syringe that is used today.
*1865: [[Charles Hunter (physician)|Charles Hunter]] coined the term "hypodermic", and developed an improvement to the syringe that locked the needle into place so that it would not be ejected from the end of the syringe when the plunger was depressed, and published research indicating that injections of pain relief could be given anywhere in the body, not just in the area of pain, and still be effective.<ref name="Brunton">{{cite journal|last1=Brunton|first1=D.|date=2000|title=A Question of Priority: Alexander Wood, Charles Hunter and the Hypodermic Method|journal=Proceedings of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh|volume=30|issue=4 |pages=349–351|doi=10.1177/147827150003000414 |s2cid=248921807 |doi-access=free}}</ref>
*1867: The [[Medical and Chirurgical Society of London]] investigated whether injected narcotics had a general effect (as argued by Hunter) or whether they only worked locally (as argued by Wood). After conducting animal tests and soliciting opinions from the wider medical community, they firmly sided with Hunter.<ref name="Brunton" />
*1894: [[Luer taper]] allows two part syringes where the needle and syringe are easily fitted together or separated.
*1899: [[Letitia Mumford Geer]] patented a syringe which could be operated with one hand and which could be used for self-administered rectal injections.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rishavy |first1=Aimee |title=Most Influential Women in Medicine & Health Care - Women's History Month, 2021 |url=https://www.medsourcelabs.com/newsroom/most-influential-women-in-medicine-health-care/ |website=MedSource Labs |access-date=30 May 2022 |date=4 March 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Geer |first1=L.M. |title=Syringe (US Patent 622,848) |url=https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/14/e0/b8/3217b969902903/US622848.pdf |publisher=United States Patent Office |access-date=30 May 2022 |date=11 April 1899}}</ref>
*1946: [[Chance Brothers]] in [[Smethwick]], West Midlands, England, produced the first all-glass syringe with interchangeable barrel and plunger, thereby allowing mass-sterilisation of components without the need for matching them.
*1949: Australian inventor Charles Rothauser created the world's first plastic, disposable hypodermic syringe at his Adelaide factory.{{citation needed|date=August 2022}}
*1951: Rothauser produced the first injection-moulded syringes made of [[polypropylene]], a plastic that can be heat-sterilised. Millions were made for Australian and export markets.
*1956: New Zealand pharmacist and inventor [[Colin Murdoch]] was granted New Zealand and Australian patents for a disposable plastic syringe.