Editing TFT LCD (section)

==Safety==
Liquid crystals are constantly subjected to toxicity and eco-toxicity testing for any hazard potential. The result is that:

* wastewater from manufacturing is acutely toxic to aquatic life,<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Sae-Bom|last2=Kim|first2=Woong-Ki|last3=Chounlamany|first3=Vanseng|last4=Seo|first4=Jaehwan|last5=Yoo|first5=Jisu|last6=Jo|first6=Hun-Je|last7=Jung|first7=Jinho|date=15 August 2012|title=Identification of multi-level toxicity of liquid crystal display wastewater toward Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa|journal=[[Journal of Hazardous Materials]]|location=Seoul, Korea; Laos, Lao|volume=227–228|pages=327–333|doi=10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.059|pmid=22677053|bibcode=2012JHzM..227..327K }}</ref>
* but may have an irritant, corrosive or sensitizing effect in rare cases. Any effects can be avoided by using a limited concentration in mixtures,
* are not mutagenic – neither in bacteria (Ames test) nor in mammalian cells (mouse lymphoma assay or chromosome aberration test),
* are not suspected of being carcinogenic,<ref name=":1" />
* are hazardous to aquatic organisms (bacteria, algae, daphnia, fish),<ref name=":0" />
* do not possess any significant bioaccumulation potential,
* are not easily biodegradable.<ref name=":1" />

The statements are applicable to Merck KGaA as well as its competitors JNC Corporation (formerly [[Chisso]] Corporation) and DIC (formerly Dainippon Ink & Chemicals). All three manufacturers have agreed not to introduce any acutely toxic or mutagenic liquid crystals to the market. They cover more than 90 percent of the global liquid crystal market. The remaining market share of liquid crystals, produced primarily in China, consists of older, patent-free substances from the three leading world producers and have already been tested for toxicity by them. As a result, they can also be considered non-toxic.

The complete report is available from Merck KGaA online.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=http://www.merck-performance-materials.com/en/display/safety/safety.html|title=Display solutions {{!}} Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany|website=www.merck-performance-materials.com|language=en|access-date=2018-02-17}}</ref>

The [[CCFL]] [[backlight]]s used in many LCD monitors contain [[Mercury (element)|mercury]], which is toxic.