Editing Three Principles of the People (section)

==Legacy==
{{More citations needed|section|date=September 2021}}
[[File:Three Principles of the People Unites China.jpg|thumb|left|250px|"The Three Principles of the People unify China"{{snd}}a sign on [[Dadan Island]], near [[Kinmen]] (Quemoy), facing [[mainland China]]]]
The Three Principles of the People were claimed as the basis for the ideologies of the [[Kuomintang]] under [[Chiang Kai-shek]], the [[Reorganized National Government of China]] under [[Wang Jingwei]], and an inspiration of the [[Chinese Communist Party]] under [[Mao Zedong]] as the stage of ‘old democracy’. The Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party largely agreed on the meaning of [[nationalism]] but differed sharply on the meaning of democracy and people's welfare, which the former saw in Western social democratic terms and the latter interpreted in Marxist and communist terms. The Japanese collaborationist government interpreted nationalism less in terms of anti-imperialism and more in terms of cooperating with Japan to advance theoretically [[Pan-Asianism|pan-Asian]], but in practice, typically Japanese interests.

===Republic of China and Taiwan===
{{See also|Grand Alliance for China's Reunification under the Three Principles of the People}}
During the [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]]'s [[Nanjing decade|Nanjing period]], the KMT developed a national censorship apparatus as part of its "Arts of the Three Principles of the People" cultural campaign.<ref name=":Laikwan">{{Cite book |last=Laikwan |first=Pang |title=One and All: The Logic of Chinese Sovereignty |date=2024 |publisher=[[Stanford University Press]] |isbn=9781503638815 |location=Stanford, CA}}</ref>{{Rp|page=121}} This program sought to censor cultural products deemed unwelcomed by the KMT, such as works by left-wing artists or writers.<ref name=":Laikwan" />{{Rp|page=|pages=121–122}}

There were several [[higher education|higher-education]] institutes (university departments/faculties and [[graduate school|graduate institute]]s) in Taiwan that used to devote themselves to the 'research and development' of the Three Principles in this aspect. Since the late 1990s, these institutes have re-oriented themselves so that other political theories are also admitted as worthy of consideration, and have changed their names to be more ideologically neutral (such as Democratic Studies Institute).

In addition to this institutional phenomenon, many streets and businesses in Taiwan are named "Sān-mín" or for one of the three principles. In contrast to other politically derived street names, there has been no major renaming of these streets or institutions in the 1990s.

Although the term "Sanmin Zhuyi" (三民主義) has been less explicitly invoked since the mid-1980s, no political party has explicitly attacked its principles with practices under the [[Martial Law]] [[Martial law in Taiwan|ruling era]] then except the [[Tangwai movement]] groups such as [[Democratic Progressive Party]]. The Three Principles of the People remains explicitly part of the platform of the Kuomintang and in the [[Constitution of the Republic of China]].

As for [[Taiwan independence]] supporters, some have objections regarding the formal constitutional commitment to a particular set of political principles. Also, they have been against the mandatory indoctrination in schools and universities, which have now been abolished in a piecemeal fashion beginning in the late 1990s. However, there is little fundamental hostility to the substantive principles themselves. In these circles, attitudes toward the Three Principles of the People span the spectrum from indifference to reinterpreting the Three Principles of the People [[Taiwanese localization movement|in a local Taiwanese context]] rather than in a pan-Chinese one.

=== People's Republic of China ===
The '''Three Principles of the People''' has been reinterpreted by the [[Chinese Communist Party]] (CCP) to argue that communism is a necessary conclusion of the Three Principles of the People and thus provides legitimacy for the communist government. This reinterpretation of the Three Principles of the People is commonly referred to as the '''New Three Principles of the People''' ({{Zh|c=新三民主义}}, also translated as '''Neo-tridemism'''), a word coined by Mao's 1940 essay ''[[On New Democracy]],'' in which he argued that the CCP is a better enforcer of the Three Principles of the People compared to the bourgeois [[Kuomintang|Nationalist Party]] and that the new three principles are about allying with the communists and the Russians (Soviets), and supporting peasants and the workers.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Mao |first=Zedong |title=On New Democracy |url=https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm |access-date=7 May 2022 |website=www.marxists.org |archive-date=9 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109212043/https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_26.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> Proponents of the New Three Principles of the People often claim that Sun's book ''Three Principles of the People'' acknowledges that the principles of welfare is inherently socialistic and communistic.<ref>{{Cite wikisource|title=三民主义|wslanguage=zh|chapter=民生主义第一讲}}</ref>

In response to a question from a [[Reuters]] reporter in 1945, [[Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party|CCP chairman]] [[Mao Zedong]] said: "A free and democratic China will be a country in which all levels of government up to the central government are elected by universal, equal, secret suffrage and are accountable to the people who elected them. It would realize Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People, Lincoln's principles of government of the people, by the people, and for the people, and Roosevelt's [[Four Freedoms]]. It will guarantee the country's independence, unity, unification and cooperation with the democratic powers."<ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-02-12 |title=What Chairman Mao wrote about a ‘free and democratic China’ |url=https://www.scmp.com/comment/letters/article/2185677/china-doesnt-need-democracy-mao-may-have-begged-differ |access-date=2024-02-14 |website=[[South China Morning Post]] |language=en}}</ref>

===Vietnam===
The [[Vietnam Revolutionary League]] was a union of various Vietnamese nationalist groups, run by the pro-Chinese [[Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng]]. The Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng translates directly into Vietnamese Kuomintang (or the Vietnamese Nationalist Party", and it was largely a resemble of the original Chinese Kuomintang party. Its stated goal was for unity with China under the Three Principles of the People, and opposition to Japanese and French imperialists.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/endlesswarvietna00harr|url-access=registration|quote=Chang Fa-Kuei vnqdd.|title=The endless war: Vietnam's struggle for independence|author=James P. Harrison|year=1989|publisher=Columbia University Press|page=[https://archive.org/details/endlesswarvietna00harr/page/81 81]|isbn=0-231-06909-X|access-date=30 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uEDfAAAAMAAJ&q=Chang+Fa-Kuei+vnqdd|title=The History of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: History of the Indochina incident, 1940-1954|author=United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff. Historical Division|year=1982|publisher=Michael Glazier|page=56|isbn=9780894532870|access-date=30 November 2010|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402121811/https://books.google.com/books?id=uEDfAAAAMAAJ&q=Chang+Fa-Kuei+vnqdd|url-status=live}}</ref> The Revolutionary League was controlled by [[Nguyễn Hải Thần]], who was born in [[Northern Vietnam]]. General [[Zhang Fakui]] blocked the Communists of Vietnam, and [[Ho Chi Minh]] from entering the league, as his main goal was Chinese influence in Indochina.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9RorGHF0fGIC&q=Chang+Fa-Kuei+vnqdd&pg=PA106|title=The last emperors of Vietnam: from Tu Duc to Bao Dai|author=Oscar Chapuis|year=2000|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|page=106|isbn=0-313-31170-6|access-date=30 November 2010}}</ref> The KMT utilized these Vietnamese nationalists during World War II against Japanese forces.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HKRuAAAAMAAJ&q=Chang+Fa-Kuei+vnqdd|title=The rise of nationalism in Vietnam, 1900–1941|author=William J. Duiker|year=1976|publisher=Cornell University Press|page=272|isbn=0-8014-0951-9|access-date=30 November 2010|archive-date=2 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402121815/https://books.google.com/books?id=HKRuAAAAMAAJ&q=Chang+Fa-Kuei+vnqdd|url-status=live}}</ref>

The motto of Independence - Freedom - Happiness of the [[Democratic Republic of Vietnam]] and the [[Socialist Republic of Vietnam]], despite its communist political background, was also taken from the Three Principles of People.

===Tibet===
The pro-Kuomintang and pro-ROC [[Kham]]ba revolutionary leader [[Pandatsang Rapga]], who established the [[Tibet Improvement Party]], adopted Dr. Sun's ideology including the Three Principles, incorporating them into his party and using Sun's doctrine as a model for his vision of Tibet after achieving his goal of overthrowing the Tibetan government.

Pandatsang Rapga hailed the Three Principles for helping Asian peoples against foreign imperialism and called for the feudal system to be overthrown. Rapga stated that "The Sanmin Zhuyi was intended for all peoples under the domination of foreigners, for all those who had been deprived of the rights of man. But it was conceived especially for the Asians. It is for this reason that I translated it. At that time, a lot of new ideas were spreading in Tibet", during an interview in 1975 with Heather Stoddard.<ref>{{cite book|access-date=27 December 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KlOEi9C4T3QC&pg=PA152|title=Tibetan Buddhists in the Making of Modern China|author=Gray Tuttle|year=2007|publisher=Columbia University Press|edition=illustrated|page=152|isbn=978-0-231-13447-7|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117115250/https://books.google.com/books?id=KlOEi9C4T3QC&pg=PA152|url-status=live}}</ref> Sun's ideology was put into a Tibetan translation by Rapga.<ref>{{cite book|access-date=27 December 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Upwq0I-wm7YC&q=rapga+chinese&pg=PA450|title=A history of modern Tibet, 1913–1951: the demise of the Lamaist state|author=Melvyn C. Goldstein|year=1991|publisher=University of California Press|edition=reprint, illustrated|volume=1 of A History of Modern Tibet|page=450|isbn=0-520-07590-0}}</ref> <!--{{zh|t=西藏自治共和國|p=Xīzàng zìzhì gònghéguó}}) -->

He believed that change in Tibet would only be possible in a manner similar to when the [[Qing dynasty]] was overthrown in China. He borrowed the theories and ideas of the Kuomintang as the basis for his model for Tibet. The party was funded by the Kuomintang<ref>{{cite book|access-date=27 December 2011|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC&q=shen+in+Chongqing+to+render+clandestine+support+to+pro-Nationalist+underground+forces+led+by+a+Khampa+Tibetan&pg=PA95|title=Modern China's ethnic frontiers: a journey to the west|author1-link=Lin Hsiao-ting|author=Hsiao-ting Lin|year=2010|publisher=Taylor & Francis|edition=illustrated|volume=67 of Routledge studies in the modern history of Asia|page=95|isbn=978-0-415-58264-3|archive-date=11 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230411192239/https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC&q=shen+in+Chongqing+to+render+clandestine+support+to+pro-Nationalist+underground+forces+led+by+a+Khampa+Tibetan&pg=PA95|url-status=live}}</ref> and by the Pandatsang family.

===Singapore===
The establishment of the [[People's Power Party (Singapore)|People's Power Party]] in May 2015 by opposition politician [[Goh Meng Seng]] marks the first time in contemporary [[Singapore]]an politics that a political party was formed with the Three Principles of the People and its system of having five branches of government as espoused by Sun Yat-Sen as its official guiding ideology.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tremeritus.com/2015/05/19/goh-submits-application-to-set-up-peoples-power-party/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150520233943/http://www.tremeritus.com/2015/05/19/goh-submits-application-to-set-up-peoples-power-party/|archive-date=20 May 2015|title=Goh submits application to set up People's Power Party
}}</ref>

The People's Power Party has adapted the ideas with a slight modification to the concepts of the Five Powers in order to stay relevant to modern contemporary political and social structures. The emphasis is put on the separation of the Five Powers which naturally means the separation of certain institutions from the Executive's control.

The power of impeachment (originally under the Control Yuan) has been expanded to include various contemporary functional government institutions. Examples include the Corrupt Practices Investigation Bureau, advocacy of the Ombudsman Commission, Equal Opportunity Commission, [[freedom of the press]] and [[freedom of speech]].

The power of examination has been adapted and modified to fit the modern concept of selection for both political leaders as well as civil servants. This involves institutions like the Elections Department and Public Service Commission.

The People's Power Party advocates that the institutions included in these two powers, namely the power of impeachment and the power of selection, be put under the supervision of Singapore's elected president.<ref name="facebook">{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/peoplespowerpartysg/info?tab=page_info|title=People's Power Party – PPP|publisher=facebook.com|access-date=24 December 2015|archive-date=27 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027072236/https://www.facebook.com/peoplespowerpartysg/info?tab=page_info|url-status=live}}</ref>