Editing Tobacco (section)

===Global production===
[[File:Tobacco production, OWID.svg|thumb|upright=1.6|Tobacco production, 2018<ref>{{cite web |title=Tobacco production |url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/tobacco-production |website=Our World in Data |access-date=March 7, 2020}}</ref>]]

====Trends====
[[File:Preparando o tabaco em Balibó.jpg|thumb|Tobacco production in [[Portuguese Timor]] in the 1930s]]
Production of tobacco leaf increased by 40% between 1971, when 4.2&nbsp;million tons of leaf were produced, and 1997, when 5.9&nbsp;million tons of leaf were produced.<ref name="United Nations 2010">Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ''Projection of tobacco production, consumption and trade for the year 2010.'' (Rome, 2003).</ref> According to the [[Food and Agriculture Organization]] (FAO) of the United Nations, tobacco leaf production was expected to hit 7.1&nbsp;million tons by 2010. This number is a bit lower than the record-high production of 1992, when 7.5&nbsp;million tons of leaf were produced.<ref name="United Nations 2004">The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ''Higher World Tobacco use expected by 2010-growth rates slowing down.'' (Rome, 2004).</ref> The production growth was almost entirely due to increased productivity by developing nations, where production increased by 128%.<ref name="JhaChaloupka2000">{{cite book |editor1=Prabhat Jha |editor2=Frank J. Chaloupka |author1=Rowena Jacobs |display-authors=etal |title=Tobacco Control in Developing Countries |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UTO8AAAAIAAJ&q=supply-side |year=2000 |chapter=The Supply-Side Effects Of Tobacco Control Policies |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-19-263250-0 |pages=311ff}}</ref> During that same time, production in developed countries actually decreased.<ref name="United Nations 2004"/> China's increase in tobacco production was the single biggest factor in the increase in world production. China's share of the world market increased from 17% in 1971 to 47% in 1997.<ref name="United Nations 2010"/> This growth can be partially explained by the existence of a low import tariff on foreign tobacco entering China. While this tariff was reduced from 66% in 1999 to 10% in 2004,<ref>{{cite journal |last1 = Hu |first1 = T-W |last2 = Mao |first2 = Z |display-authors=etal |year=2006 |title = China at the Crossroads: The Economics of Tobacco and Health |journal = Tobacco Control |volume = 15 |issue = Suppl 1 |pages = i37–i41 |doi=10.1136/tc.2005.014621 |pmc = 2563551 |pmid=16723674}}</ref> it has still led to local Chinese cigarettes being preferred over foreign cigarettes because of their lower cost.

====Major producers====
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em"
! colspan=3|Top tobacco producers, 2020<ref name="FAOSTAT">{{cite web|title=FAOSTAT|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC/visualize|publisher=Food And Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|access-date=May 17, 2020}}</ref>
|-
! Country
! Production ([[tonne]]s)
! <small>Note</small>
|-
| {{flag|China}}||align=right|2,134,000||
|-
| {{flag|India}}||align=right|761,335||
|-
| {{flag|Brazil}}||align=right|702,208||'''F'''
|-
| {{flag|Zimbabwe}}||align=right|203,488||
|-
| {{flag|Indonesia}}||align=right|199,737||'''F'''
|-
| {{flag|United States}}||align=right|176,635||
|-
| {{flag|Mozambique}}||align=right|158,532||'''F'''
|-
| {{flag|Pakistan}}||align=right|132,872||'''F'''
|-
| {{flag|Argentina}}||align=right|109,333||
|-
| {{flag|Malawi}}||align=right|93,613||'''F'''

|- style="background:#ccc;"
| {{noflag}}'''World'''||align=right| '''5,886,147'''||'''A'''
|-
|colspan=5 style="font-size:.7em"|No note = official figure, F = [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] Estimate, A = Aggregate (may include official, semiofficial or estimates).
|}

Every year, about 5.9&nbsp;million tons of tobacco are produced throughout the world. The top producers of tobacco are China (36.3%), India (12.9%), Brazil (11.9%) and Zimbabwe (3.5%).<ref name="FAOSTAT"/>

====China====
Around the peak of global tobacco production, 20 million rural Chinese households were producing tobacco on 2.1&nbsp;million hectares of land.<ref name="issues in global economy"/> While it is the major crop for millions of Chinese farmers, growing tobacco is not as profitable as cotton or sugarcane, because the Chinese government sets the market price. While this price is guaranteed, it is lower than the natural market price, because of the lack of market risk. To further control tobacco in their borders, China founded a [[State Tobacco Monopoly Administration]] (STMA) in 1982. The STMA controls tobacco production, marketing, imports, and exports, and contributes 12% to the nation's national income.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gov.cn/english/2005-10/03/content_74295.htm |title=People's Republic of China. "''State Tobacco Monopoly Administration'' |publisher=Gov.cn |date=September 15, 2005 |access-date=October 3, 2013 |archive-date=August 10, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130810034314/http://www.gov.cn/english/2005-10/03/content_74295.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> As noted above, despite the income generated for the state by profits from state-owned tobacco companies and the taxes paid by companies and retailers, China's government has acted to reduce tobacco use.<ref>{{Cite web |date=February 6, 2010 |title=Talking Points, February 3–17, 2010 |url=https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-february-3-17-2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150407203139/https://china.usc.edu/talking-points-february-3-17-2010 |archive-date=April 7, 2015 |publisher=[[University of Southern California|USC]] U.S.-China Institute}}</ref>

====India====
India's Tobacco Board is headquartered in [[Guntur]] in the state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tobaccoboard.com/ |title=Tobacco Board, Guntur |publisher=Tobaccoboard.com |access-date=April 21, 2014}}</ref> India has 96,865 registered tobacco farmers<ref name="Shoba 2002">Shoba, John and Shailesh Vaite. Tobacco and Poverty: Observations from India and Bangladesh. Canada, 2002.</ref> and many more who are not registered. In 2010, 3,120 tobacco product manufacturing facilities were operating in all of India.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.anythingresearch.com/Tobacco-Product-Manufacturing.html|title=Tobacco Manufacturing in India}}</ref> Around 0.25% of India's cultivated land is used for tobacco production.<ref name="issues in global economy"/>

Since 1947, the [[Indian government]] has supported growth in the tobacco industry. India has seven tobacco research centers, located in [[Tamil Nadu]], [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], [[Bihar]], [[Mysore]], and [[West Bengal]] which houses the core research institute.

====Brazil====
In Brazil, around 135,000 family farmers cite tobacco production as their main economic activity.<ref name="issues in global economy"/> Tobacco has never exceeded 0.7% of the country's total cultivated area.<ref name="ReferenceB">{{cite book|last1=International Tobacco Growers' Association|title=Tobacco farming: sustainable alternatives? Volume 2|date=n.d.|publisher=ITGA|location=East Sussex|isbn=978-1-872854-02-1|url=http://www.tobaccoleaf.org/UserFiles/file/Why_Grow_Tobacco/tobacco_farming.pdf|access-date=July 5, 2016|archive-date=April 29, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429032528/http://tobaccoleaf.org/UserFiles/file/Why_Grow_Tobacco/tobacco_farming.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> In the southern regions of Brazil, Virginia, and Amarelinho, flue-cured tobacco, as well as burley and Galpão Comum air-cured tobacco, are produced. These types of tobacco are used for cigarettes. In the northeast, darker, air- and sun-cured tobacco is grown. These types of tobacco are used for cigars, twists, and dark cigarettes.<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Brazil's government has made attempts to reduce the production of tobacco but has not had a successful systematic antitobacco farming initiative. Brazil's government, however, provides small loans for family farms, including those that grow tobacco, through the ''Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar''.<ref name="brazil legal employ">{{cite web |title=Report from South America (Brazil) |url=http://legalempowerment.undp.org/pdf/SouthAmerica_report.pdf |publisher=[[Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor]] |access-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609101410/http://legalempowerment.undp.org/pdf/SouthAmerica_report.pdf |archive-date=June 9, 2007 |date=2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

==== Lebanon ====
Although only being the 35th biggest tobacco producer in 2023, the crop plays an important role in parts of [[Lebanon]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 50 tobacco growing countries |url=https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day/2023/top-50-tobacco-growing-countries |access-date=2025-03-08 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> The cultivation of tobacco in Lebanon dates back to the 17th century and today the crop is grown by all religious sects.<ref name=":1" /> In the southern parts of the country, the plant's resilience in difficult conditions - including the climate, the mountainous geography, and recurring wars - makes it an important source of income.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Khayyat |first=Munira |title=A Landscape of War |date=2022 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=92–125}}</ref> The role of tobacco in the region is twofold. On the one hand, it is called the "crop of resistance" as it allows the population to navigate the consequences of a decades-long violent conflict and a certain degree of detachment, making it a symbol of hope, resistance, and resilience.<ref name=":1" /> On the other hand, the hard conditions of tobacco farming also made it the "bitter crop," as the farming is often times done by women and children without professional equipment.<ref name=":1" /> According to Munira Khayyat, tobacco production in the southern parts of Lebanon, like many other sectors where the state is absent (e.g. health care, employment, education), is overseen by [[Hezbollah]] and, though to a minor degree, also by [[Amal Movement|AMAL]].<ref name=":1" />

[[File:Tobacco field cuba1.jpg|thumb|Tobacco plantation, [[Pinar del Río]], Cuba]]