Editing Two truths doctrine (section)

====Absolute and relative in Zen Buddhism====
{{Main|Zen philosophy}}
[[File:DogenP2.JPG|thumb|right|230px|[[Dōgen]] (1200–1253), Japanese [[Zen master]] and founder of the [[Sōtō]] school of [[Zen]]]]

The teachings of [[Zen|Chán (Zen) Buddhism]] are expressed by a set of polarities: [[Buddha-nature]] (''tathāgatagarbha''), [[Śūnyatā|emptiness]] (''śūnyatā''),{{sfn|Kasulis|2003|pp=26–29}}{{sfn|McRae|2003|pp=138–142}} absolute-relative,{{sfn|Liang-Chieh|1986|p=9}} [[Subitism|sudden]] and [[Gradual training|gradual]] [[Enlightenment in Buddhism|enlightenment]] (''bodhi'').{{sfn|McRae|2003|pp=123–138}}

The ''[[Prajnaparamita|Prajnāpāramitā Sūtras]]'' and [[Madhyamaka|Mādhyamaka]] philosophy emphasized the non-duality of form and emptiness: "form is emptiness, emptiness is form", as it's written in the ''[[Heart Sutra]]''.{{sfn|Liang-Chieh|1986|p=9}}
The idea that the ultimate reality is present in the daily world of relative reality fitted into the [[Culture of China|Chinese culture]], which emphasized the mundane world and society. But this does not tell how the absolute is present in the relative world. This question is answered in such schemata as the ''[[Five Ranks|Verses of the Five Ranks]]'' of [[Dongshan Liangjie|Tōzan]]{{sfn|Kasulis|2003|p=29}} and the [[Ten Bulls|Oxherding Pictures]].