Editing United Nations Security Council (section)

== United Nations peacekeepers ==
{{Main|United Nations peacekeeping|List of United Nations peacekeeping missions}}
After approval by the Security Council, the UN may send [[peacekeeping|peacekeepers]] to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms of peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntarily provided by member states. These soldiers are sometimes nicknamed "Blue Helmets" for their distinctive gear.{{sfn|Fasulo|2004|p=52}}{{sfn|Coulon|1998|p=ix}} The peacekeeping force as a whole received the [[Nobel Peace Prize]] in 1988.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1988/|author=Nobel Prize|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 1988|access-date=3 April 2011|archive-date=2 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110402191526/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1988/|url-status=live}}</ref>

[[File:Female combat troops of South African Contingent in MONUSCO on robust foot and moblile patrols 62.jpg|thumb|South African soldiers patrolling as part of [[MONUSCO]] in 2018]]

As of 28 February 2023, the UN had 86,903 uniformed and civilian personnel serving in 12 peacekeeping missions, with 121 countries contributing military personnel.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DATA |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/data |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en |archive-date=22 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922130007/https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/data |url-status=live }}</ref> The largest was the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo ([[MONUSCO]]), which included 20,688 uniformed personnel. The smallest, United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan ([[UNMOGIP]]), included 42 uniformed personnel responsible for monitoring the ceasefire in [[Jammu and Kashmir (state)|Jammu and Kashmir]]. Peacekeepers with the [[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization]] (UNTSO) have been stationed in the Middle East since 1948, the longest-running active peacekeeping mission.<ref name="UNPO">{{cite web |date=30 September 2013 |title=United Nations Peacekeeping Operations |url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/resources/statistics/factsheet.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323162900/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/resources/statistics/factsheet.shtml |archive-date=23 March 2016 |access-date=9 November 2013 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref>

UN peacekeepers have also drawn criticism in several postings. Peacekeepers have been accused of child rape, soliciting prostitutes, or sexual abuse during various peacekeeping missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A3145-2004Dec15.html|title=U.N.&nbsp;Sexual Abuse Alleged in Congo|newspaper=The Washington Post|first=Colum|last=Lynch|date=16 December 2004|access-date=21 November 2013|archive-date=11 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131111062103/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A3145-2004Dec15.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Haiti,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6195830.stm|title=UN troops face child abuse claims|work=BBC News|date=30 November 2006|access-date=21 November 2013|archive-date=9 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209171221/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6195830.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Liberia,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/08/world/africa/08iht-abuse.html|title=Aid workers in Liberia accused of sex abuse|work=The New York Times|date=8 May 2006|access-date=22 November 2013|archive-date=3 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141003214726/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/08/world/africa/08iht-abuse.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Sudan and what is now South Sudan,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1538476/UN-staff-accused-of-raping-children-in-Sudan.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1538476/UN-staff-accused-of-raping-children-in-Sudan.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live|title= UN staff accused of raping children in Sudan|work=The Telegraph|date=4 January 2007| first=Kate | last=Holt |access-date=21 November 2013}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Burundi and Ivory Coast.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7420798.stm|title=Peacekeepers 'abusing children'|publisher=BBC|date=28 May 2007|access-date=21 November 2013|archive-date=9 December 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131209173237/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_depth/7420798.stm|url-status=live}}</ref> Scientists cited UN peacekeepers from Nepal as the likely source of the [[2010–2013 Haiti cholera outbreak]], which killed more than 8,000 Haitians following the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/09/world/americas/haiti-un-cholera-lawsuit/ |title=U.N. sued for 'bringing cholera to Haiti', causing outbreak that killed thousands |author=Watson, Ivan and Joe Vaccarello |date=10 October 2013 |publisher=CNN |access-date=18 November 2013 |archive-date=3 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002147/http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/09/world/americas/haiti-un-cholera-lawsuit/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

The budget for peacekeeping is assessed separately from the main UN organisational budget; in the fiscal year 1 July 2021 – 30 June 2022, peacekeeping expenditures amounted for $6.38 billion.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=How we are funded |url=https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/how-we-are-funded |access-date=2023-05-31 |website=United Nations Peacekeeping |language=en |archive-date=26 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211226155653/https://peacekeeping.un.org/en/how-we-are-funded |url-status=live }}</ref>{{sfn|Fasulo|2004|p=115}} UN peace operations are funded by assessments, using a formula derived from the regular funding scale, but including a weighted surcharge for the five permanent Security Council members. This surcharge serves to offset discounted peacekeeping assessment rates for less-developed countries.

This amount finances 10 of the 12 ongoing [[List of United Nations peacekeeping missions|UN peacekeeping missions]], along the liquidation of the UN African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur ([[United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur|UNAMID]]) and logistics support for the African Union Mission in Somalia ([[African Union Mission to Somalia|AMISOM]]), providing the technology, logistics and general support to all peace operations through global service centres in [[Brindisi]] ([[Italy]]) and a regional service centre in [[Entebbe]] ([[Uganda]]). The UN Truce Supervision Organisation ([[United Nations Truce Supervision Organization|UNTSO]]) and the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan ([[UNMOGIP]]) are excluded from the Peacekeeping Operations budget and are financed through the regular UN budget.<ref name=":0" />

For the 2020–2021 budget, the top 10 providers of assessed financial contributions to United Nations peacekeeping operations were the US (27.89%), China (15.21%), Japan (8.56%), Germany (6.09%), the United Kingdom (5.79%), France (5.61%), Italy (3.30%), Russian Federation (3.04%), Canada (2.73%) and South Korea (2.26%).<ref name=":0" />