Editing Urban geography (section)

== History of the discipline ==
Urban geography arrived as a critical sub-discipline with the 1973 publication of David Harvey's ''[[Social Justice and the City]]'', which was heavily influenced by previous work by [[Anne Buttimer]].<ref>Buttimer, Anne. "Social Space in Interdisciplinary Perspective." Geographical Review 59, no. 3 (1969): 417-26. doi:10.2307/213485.</ref> Prior to its emergence as its own discipline, urban geography served as the academic extension of what was otherwise a professional development and planning practice.<ref>Hall, Peter. Cities of tomorrow. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1988.</ref> At the turn of the 19th century, [[urban planning]] began as a profession charged with mitigating the negative consequences of industrialization as documented by [[Friedrich Engels]] in his geographic analysis of the condition of the working class in England, 1844.<ref>Engels, Friedrich. The condition of the working class in England in 1844. London: Allen and Unwin, 1892.</ref>

In a 1924 study of urban geography, [[Marcel Aurousseau]] observed that urban geography cannot be considered a subdivision of [[geography]] because it plays such an important part. However, urban geography did emerge as a specialized discipline after World War II, amidst increasing [[urban planning]] and a shift away from the primacy of physical terrain in the study of geography. [[Chauncy Harris]] and [[Edward Ullman]] were among its earliest exponents.<ref>Carter (1995), pp. 1–4.</ref><ref>Kaplan et al. (2004), p. 4. "The first half of the 20th century saw the gradual emergence of the field of urban geography, which was based on several fundamental concepts developed by a limited number of scholars. The first courses in urban geography were not taught until the 1940s (by Chauncy Harris, the father of urban geography, at Indiana University and by Edward Ullman at Harvard University)> The second half of the 20th century then witnessed the development of urban geography as a major substantive subdiscipline in geography. At the dawn of the 21st century, only the technical field of geographic information sciences had more members in the leading and largest professional geography society, the Association of American Geographers (AAG) than the urban geography group did."</ref>

Urban geography arose by the 1930s in the Soviet Union as an academic complement to active urbanization and [[Urban planning in communist countries|communist urban planning]], focusing on cities' economic roles and potential.<ref>G.M. Lappo & N.V. Petrov, ''Urban Geography in the Soviet Union and the United States''; Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1992; {{ISBN|0-8476-7568-8}}; pp. 15–20.</ref>

[[Spatial analysis]], [[Behavioralism|behavioral analysis]], [[Marxism]], [[humanism]], [[social theory]], [[feminism]], and [[postmodernism]] have arisen (in approximately this order) as overlapping lenses used within the field of urban geography in the West.<ref>Kaplan et al. (2004), pp. 8–11.</ref>

[[Geographic information science]], using digital processing of large data sets, has become widely used since the 1980s, with major applications for urban geography.<ref>Kaplan et al. (2004), p. 11–14.</ref>