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===Invertebrates=== The visual systems of invertebrates deviate greatly from vertebrates, so direct comparisons are difficult. However, UV sensitivity has been reported in most insect species.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Briscoe |first1=Adriana D. |last2=Chittka |first2=Lars |title=The evolution of color vision in insects |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=January 2001 |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=471β510 |doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.46.1.471|pmid=11112177 }}</ref> [[Bee]]s and many other insects can detect ultraviolet light, which helps them find [[nectar]] in flowers. Plant species that depend on insect pollination may owe reproductive success to their appearance in ultraviolet light rather than how colorful they appear to humans. Bees' long-wave limit is at about 590 nm.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Skorupski|first1=Peter|last2=Chittka|first2=Lars|date=10 August 2010 |title=Photoreceptor Spectral Sensitivity in the Bumblebee, ''Bombus impatiens'' (Hymenoptera: Apidae) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=5 |issue=8 |pages=e12049 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0012049 |pmid=20711523|pmc=2919406|bibcode = 2010PLoSO...512049S |doi-access=free}}</ref> [[Mantis shrimp]] exhibit up to 14 opsins, enabling a visible range of less than 300 nm to above 700 nm.<ref name="Hunt-2001"/>
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