Editing Anger (section)

===Medication therapy===
{{Main|Serenic}}
{{See also|List of investigational aggression drugs}}

[[File:Nevrovitamine 4 P-FG-ES-01835.jpg|thumb|Early 20th century French advertisement for drugs against anger in children. [[Bibliothèque municipale de Nancy]]]]

[[Systematic review]]s and [[meta-analysis|meta-analyses]] suggest that certain [[psychiatry|psychiatric]] [[medication]]s may be effective in controlling symptoms of anger, hostility, and irritability.<ref name="pmid30721802">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bak M, Weltens I, Bervoets C, De Fruyt J, Samochowiec J, Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Bienkowski P, Preuss WU, Misiak B, Frydecka D, Samochowiec A, Bak E, Drukker M, Dom G | title = The pharmacological management of agitated and aggressive behaviour: A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Eur Psychiatry | volume = 57 | issue = | pages = 78–100 | date = April 2019 | pmid = 30721802 | doi = 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.01.014 | s2cid = 73416580 | url = | doi-access = free | hdl = 10067/1566660151162165141 | hdl-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid31126061">{{cite journal | vauthors = Romero-Martínez Á, Murciano-Martí S, Moya-Albiol L | title = Is Sertraline a Good Pharmacological Strategy to Control Anger? Results of a Systematic Review | journal = Behav Sci | volume = 9 | issue = 5 | date = May 2019 | page = 57 | pmid = 31126061 | pmc = 6562745 | doi = 10.3390/bs9050057 | url = | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid35470032">{{cite journal | vauthors = Salazar de Pablo G, Jordá CP, Vaquerizo-Serrano J, Moreno C, Cabras A, Arango C, Hernández P, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Simonoff E, Fusar-Poli P, Santosh P, Cortese S, Parellada M | title = Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Efficacy of Pharmacological Interventions for Irritability and Emotional Dysregulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Predictors of Response | journal = J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry | volume = 62| issue = 2| pages = 151–168| date = April 2022 | pmid = 35470032 | doi = 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.033 | s2cid = 248371519 | url = | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid19379093">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mercer D, Douglass AB, Links PS | title = Meta-analyses of mood stabilizers, antidepressants and antipsychotics in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: effectiveness for depression and anger symptoms | journal = J Pers Disord | volume = 23 | issue = 2 | pages = 156–74 | date = April 2009 | pmid = 19379093 | doi = 10.1521/pedi.2009.23.2.156 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid27482998">{{cite journal | vauthors = Kim S, Boylan K | title = Effectiveness of Antidepressant Medications for Symptoms of Irritability and Disruptive Behaviors in Children and Adolescents | journal = J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol | volume = 26 | issue = 8 | pages = 694–704 | date = October 2016 | pmid = 27482998 | doi = 10.1089/cap.2015.0127 | url = }}</ref><ref name="pmid33656478">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rahmani E, Lemelle TM, Samarbafzadeh E, Kablinger AS | title = Pharmacological Treatment of Agitation and/or Aggression in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of Reviews | journal = J Head Trauma Rehabil | volume = 36 | issue = 4 | pages = E262–E283 | date = 2021 | pmid = 33656478 | doi = 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000656 | s2cid = 232102347 | url = }}</ref> These include [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]] (SSRI) [[antidepressant]]s like [[sertraline]], certain [[anticonvulsant]] [[mood stabilizer]]s, [[antipsychotic]]s like [[aripiprazole]], [[risperidone]], and [[olanzapine]], and [[benzodiazepine]]s like [[midazolam]], among others.<ref name="pmid30721802" /><ref name="pmid19379093" /><ref name="pmid35470032" /><ref name="pmid27482998" /><ref name="pmid31126061" /><ref name="pmid33656478" /> Another meta-analysis of antidepressants and aggression found no change in aggression in adults and increased aggression in children.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Sharma T, Guski LS, Freund N, Gøtzsche PC | title = Suicidality and aggression during antidepressant treatment: systematic review and meta-analyses based on clinical study reports | journal = BMJ | volume = 352 | issue = | pages = i65 | date = January 2016 | pmid = 26819231 | pmc = 4729837 | doi = 10.1136/bmj.i65 | url = }}</ref> [[Psychostimulant]]s like [[methylphenidate]] and [[amphetamine type stimulant|amphetamine]]s as well as the [[atypical antipsychotic]] risperidone are useful in reducing aggression and [[oppositional behavior|oppositionality]] in children and adolescents with [[attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder]] (ADHD), [[antisocial personality disorder]], and [[autism spectrum disorder]] with moderate to large [[effect size]]s and greater effectiveness than other studied medications.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pringsheim T, Hirsch L, Gardner D, Gorman DA | title = The pharmacological management of oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Part 1: psychostimulants, alpha-2 agonists, and atomoxetine | journal = Can J Psychiatry | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 42–51 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25886655 | pmc = 4344946 | doi = 10.1177/070674371506000202 | url = }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pringsheim T, Hirsch L, Gardner D, Gorman DA | title = The pharmacological management of oppositional behaviour, conduct problems, and aggression in children and adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Part 2: antipsychotics and traditional mood stabilizers | journal = Can J Psychiatry | volume = 60 | issue = 2 | pages = 52–61 | date = February 2015 | pmid = 25886656 | pmc = 4344947 | doi = 10.1177/070674371506000203 | url = }}</ref> Yet another meta-analysis found that methylphenidate slightly reduced [[irritability]] while amphetamines increased the risk of irritability several-fold in children with ADHD.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Stuckelman ZD, Mulqueen JM, Ferracioli-Oda E, Cohen SC, Coughlin CG, Leckman JF, Bloch MH | title = Risk of Irritability With Psychostimulant Treatment in Children With ADHD: A Meta-Analysis | journal = J Clin Psychiatry | volume = 78 | issue = 6 | pages = e648–e655 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28682529 | doi = 10.4088/JCP.15r10601 | url = }}</ref> Other research has found no impact of [[amphetamine]] or [[methamphetamine]] on aggression in humans.<ref name="OMalleyHartCasey2022">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Malley KY, Hart CL, Casey S, Downey LA | title = Methamphetamine, amphetamine, and aggression in humans: A systematic review of drug administration studies | journal = Neurosci Biobehav Rev | volume = 141 | issue = | pages = 104805 | date = October 2022 | pmid = 35926727 | doi = 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104805 | url = }}</ref>