Editing Atkinson–Shiffrin memory model (section)

===Rehearsal as the sole transfer mechanism===
The model has been further criticized as suggesting that rehearsal is the key process that initiates and facilitates transfer of information into LTM. There is very little evidence supporting this hypothesis, and long-term recall can in fact be better predicted by a [[Levels-of-processing effect|levels-of-processing framework]]. In this framework, items which are encoded at a deeper, more semantic level are shown to have stronger traces in long-term memory.<ref name=CraikLockhart1972 /> This criticism is somewhat unfounded as Atkinson and Shiffrin clearly state a difference between rehearsal and coding, where coding is akin to elaborative processes which levels-of-processing would call deep-processing.<ref name=AtkinsonShiffrin1968 /> In this light, the levels-of-processing framework could be seen as more of an extension of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model rather than a refutation.<ref name=Raaijmakers1993 />
:{{further|Levels-of-processing effect}}