Editing Beekeeping (section)

===Internal temperature of a hive===
[[File:Hive tunnel entrance.jpg|thumb|Tunnel entrance with baffle]]
[[File:Hive with styrofoam insulation.jpg|thumb|Hive with a second skin of polystyrene]]
Bees maintain the internal temperature of their hive at about {{convert|35|C|F|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Southwick |first1=Edward E. |last2=Heldmaier |first2=Gerhard |date=1987 |title=Temperature Control in Honey Bee Colonies |journal=BioScience |volume=37 |number=6 |publisher=American Institute of Biological Sciences |pages=395–399 |doi=10.2307/1310562 |jstor=1310562}}</ref> Their ability to do this is known as social [[homeostasis]] and was first described by Gates in 1914.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Gates |first1=S.B.N. |date=1914 |title=The temperature of the bee colony |magazine=Bull |publisher=USDA |number=96 |pages=1–19}}</ref> During hot weather, bees cool the hive by circulating cool air from the entrance through the hive and out again;<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Southwick |first1=Edward E. |last2=Moritz |first2=R.F.A. |date=1987 |title=Social control of air ventilation in colonies of honey bees, Apis mellifera. |journal=Journal of Insect Physiology |volume=33 |issue=9 |pages=623–626 |doi=10.1016/0022-1910(87)90130-2 |bibcode=1987JInsP..33..623S }}</ref> and if necessary by placing water, which they fetch, throughout the hive to create evaporative cooling.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Jarimi|first1=Hasila |last2=Tapia-Brito |first2=Emmanuel|last3=Riffat |first3=Saffa |date=2020 |title=A Review on Thermoregulation Techniques in Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera) Beehive Microclimate and Its Similarities to the Heating and Cooling Management in Buildings |journal=Future Cities and Environment |volume=6 |number=7 |pages=4–5|doi=10.5334/fce.81|s2cid=225427905|doi-access=free |bibcode=2020FutCE...6....7J }}</ref> In cold weather, packing and insulation of the bee hive is believed to be beneficial.<ref>{{cite book |last=Root |first=A.I. |date=1978 |title=ABC and XYZ of Bee Culture |location=Medina, Ohio |publisher=A.I. Root Company |pages=682, 683}}</ref> The extra insulation is believed to reduce the amount of honey the bees consume and makes it easier for them to maintain the hive's temperature. The desire for insulation encouraged the use of double-walled hives with an [[Beehive#WBC hives|outer wall of timber]] or [[Polystyrene#Expanded polystyrene (EPS)|polystyrene]]; and hives constructed from a ceramic.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Todorka |first1=L. |last2=Lyuben |first2=L. |last3=Ivanka |first3=M. |last4=Gergana |first4=M. |last5=Krasimira |first5=T. |date=2020 |title=Thermal conductivity of the ceramic beehive |journal=Machines Technologies Materials |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=90–92 }}</ref>