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Beja language
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====Deverbal and dependent forms==== =====Deverbal noun===== Every Beja verb has a corresponding deverbal noun (Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa: "noun of action"; Vanhove: "action noun"; Roper: "nomen actionis"). For weak verbs, the deverbal noun is formed by a suffix {{lang|bej-Latn|-ti}} attached to the imperative root (see above). For strong verbs, deverbal nouns are not entirely predictable. Examples: * Weak verbs: {{lang|bej-Latn|diwaa}} "to sleep" β {{lang|bej-Latn|diwtiib}} "sleeping"; {{lang|bej-Latn|afooyaa}} "to forgive" β {{lang|bej-Latn|afootiib}} "forgiving" * Strong verbs: {{lang|bej-Latn|adhidha}} "to hobble" β {{lang|bej-Latn|adhuudh}} "hobbling"; {{lang|bej-Latn|nikwiyi}} "to be pregnant" β {{lang|bej-Latn|nakwiit}} "being pregnant" There are patterns in strong verb deverbal nouns related to the structure of the citation form of the verb. However, these are not consistent.{{sfnm|1a1=Wedekind|1a2=Wedekind|1a3=Musa|1y=2007|1pp=159β161|2a1=Vanhove|2y=2014|2loc=Β§Β§3.3.1β3.3.2}} =====Deverbal adjective===== A further derived form is a suffix {{lang|bej-Latn|-aa}} attached to the citation root, and then followed by {{lang|bej-Latn|-b}} for masculine nouns and {{lang|bej-Latn|-t}} for feminine. Examples: {| class="wikitable" ! Citation Form || Masculine || Feminine || Meaning |- | {{lang|bej-Latn|diwaa}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|diw-aab}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|diw-aat}} || asleep |- | {{lang|bej-Latn|afooyaa}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|afooy-aab}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|afooy-aat}} || forgiven |- | {{lang|bej-Latn|adhidha}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|adhidh-aab}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|adhidh-aat}} || hobbled |- | {{lang|bej-Latn|nikwiyi}} || {{n/a}} || {{lang|bej-Latn|nikwiy-aat}} || pregnant |} This form may be used as an adjective, but it is also employed in the construction of multiple conjugated negative forms. Wedekind, Wedekind, and Musa analyse this form as a participle.{{sfn|Wedekind|Wedekind|Musa|2007|pp=56β57}} [[Martine Vanhove]] analyses it as a manner [[converb]] {{lang|bej-Latn|-a}}.{{sfn|Vanhove|2014|loc=Β§3.2.4.4}}
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