Editing Bird vocalization (section)

==In culture==

===Recording===
{{Expand section|date=September 2011}}

The first known recording of birdsong was made in 1889 by the then aged eight year old [[Ludwig Karl Koch|Ludwig Koch]],<ref name="MoN">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/archive_pioneers/6505.shtml|title=Archive Pioneers – Ludwig Koch and the Music of Nature|date=2009-04-15|work=BBC Archives|publisher=BBC|access-date=2 September 2011|archive-date=2011-08-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820082417/http://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/archive_pioneers/6505.shtml|url-status=live}}</ref> who went on to become an eminent wildlife recordist and BBC natural history presenter.<ref name="MoN"/>

Other notable birdsong recordists include [[Eric Simms (ornithologist)|Eric Simms]], [[Chris Watson (musician)|Chris Watson]], [[Boris Veprintsev]],<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Veprintsev |first=Boris N. |date=1980 |title=Wildlife sound recording in the soviet union |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030096298080003X |journal=Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology |language=en |volume=67 |issue=3 |pages=321–328 |doi=10.1016/S0300-9629(80)80003-X |access-date=2023-02-07 |archive-date=2018-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607211030/https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S030096298080003X |url-status=live |url-access=subscription }}</ref> Claude Chappuis,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://data.bnf.fr/fr/12334375/claude_chappuis/|title=National Library of France|publisher=BnF|access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref> Jean-Claude Roché, François Charron and Fernand Deroussen.

{{anchor|Birds in music}}

===In music===
{{main|Birds in music}}

[[Birds in music|In music]], [[birdsong]] has influenced composers and musicians in several ways: they can be inspired by birdsong; they can intentionally imitate bird song in a composition, as [[Antonio Vivaldi|Vivaldi]] and [[Beethoven]] did, along with many later composers, such as [[Messiaen]]; they can incorporate recordings of birds into their works, as [[Ottorino Respighi]] first did; or like [[Beatrice Harrison]] and [[David Rothenberg]], they can duet with birds.<ref>{{cite journal |first=Matthew |last=Head |title=Birdsong and the Origins of Music |journal=Journal of the Royal Musical Association |volume=122 |issue=1 |year=1997 |pages=1–23 |doi=10.1093/jrma/122.1.1}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Clark, Suzannah |year=2001 |title=Music Theory and Natural Order from the Renaissance to the Early Twentieth Century |publisher= Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-77191-7}}</ref><ref name=ledger>{{cite news |last=Reich |first=Ronni |title=NJIT professor finds nothing cuckoo in serenading our feathered friends |url=http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2010/10/njit_professor_finds_nothing_c.html |access-date=19 June 2011 |newspaper=Star Ledger |date=15 October 2010 |archive-date=8 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170808155751/http://www.nj.com/entertainment/music/index.ssf/2010/10/njit_professor_finds_nothing_c.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Hollis |date=2011-03-21 |title=Composers' Appropriation of Pied Butcherbird Song: Henry Tate's "undersong of Australia" Comes of Age |url=http://www.jmro.org.au/index.php/mca2/article/view/43 |journal=Journal of Music Research Online |volume=2 |access-date=2017-06-25 |archive-date=2017-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113556/http://www.jmro.org.au/index.php/mca2/article/view/43 |url-status=live }}</ref> Authors including Rothenberg have claimed that birds sing on traditional scales as used in human music,<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rothenberg |first1=David |title=Why Birds Sing |date=2005 |publisher=Allen Lane |isbn=978-0-713-99829-0 |oclc=62224476}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Motion |first1=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Motion |title=In full flight |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/dec/10/featuresreviews.guardianreview5 |access-date=24 April 2016 |agency=[[The Guardian]] |date=10 December 2005 |archive-date=6 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160506170608/http://www.theguardian.com/books/2005/dec/10/featuresreviews.guardianreview5 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Why Birds Sing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qn8p |publisher=[[British Broadcasting Corporation]] (BBC Four) |access-date=24 April 2016 |date=1 November 2010 |archive-date=28 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141228172558/http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b007qn8p |url-status=live }}</ref> but at least one songbird does not choose notes in this way.<ref name=Underwood>{{cite web |last1=Underwood |first1=Emily |title=Birdsong Not Music, After All |url=https://www.science.org/content/article/birdsong-not-music-after-all |publisher=Science |access-date=24 April 2016 |date=15 August 2016 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326024252/https://www.science.org/content/article/birdsong-not-music-after-all |url-status=live }}</ref>

Among birds which habitually borrow phrases or sounds from other species, the way they use variations of [[rhythm]], relationships of [[musical pitch]], and combinations of [[musical note|note]]s can resemble music.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baptista |first1=Luis Felipe |last2=Keister |first2=Robin A. |title=Why Birdsong is Sometimes Like Music |journal=Perspectives in Biology and Medicine |date=2005 |volume=48 |issue=3 |pages=426–443 |doi=10.1353/pbm.2005.0066 |pmid=16085998 |s2cid=38108417 }}</ref> Hollis Taylor's in-depth analysis of [[pied butcherbird]] vocalizations provides a detailed rebuttal to objections of birdsong being judged as music.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Taylor |first=Hollis |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2005zrr |title=Is Birdsong Music?: Outback Encounters with an Australian Songbird |date=2017-05-01 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02648-4 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt2005zrr |jstor=j.ctt2005zrr |access-date=2023-03-07 |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407143625/https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt2005zrr |url-status=live }}</ref> The similar motor constraints on human and avian song may have driven these to have similar song structures, including "arch-shaped and descending melodic contours in musical phrases", long notes at the ends of phrases, and typically small differences in pitch between adjacent notes, at least in birds with a strong song structure like the Eurasian treecreeper ''[[Certhia familiaris]]''.<ref name=Tierney>{{cite journal |last1=Tierney |first1=Adam T. |last2=Russo |first2=Frank A. |last3=Patel |first3=Aniruddh D. |title=The motor origins of human and avian song structure |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |date=2011 |volume=108 |issue=37 |pages=15510–15515 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1103882108 |pmid=21876156 |pmc=3174665|bibcode=2011PNAS..10815510T |doi-access=free }}</ref>