Editing Border reivers (section)

==The Early Tudor Period==
===Henry VII and James IV===
[[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] and [[James IV of Scotland|James IV]] were initially cordial, encouraged the Border courts and reminded the Border magnates of their obligation to maintain truce.<ref name="auto12">Cynthia J. Neville, ''Violence, Custom and Law: The Anglo-Scottish Border Lands in the Later Middle Ages'' (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1998).</ref>

However, despite this initial cordiality and relative peace along the Borders, the period soon saw growing tensions and rivalry between the two monarchs and an increase in banditry, as the fragile truces often proved difficult to enforce.<ref name="auto12"/>

In [[1495]], the pretender to the English crown, [[Perkin Warbeck]] became a guest of James IV and raids resumed on both sides of the Border with renewed intensity, disrupting the fragile peace established earlier.<ref name="auto12"/> In the following year, [[Perkin Warbeck]] led a small-scale invasion of England, attempting to capitalise on the ongoing tensions between England and Scotland. The invasion, however, was poorly supported and ultimately failed to achieve any significant objectives.<ref name="auto1">Goodwin, George. Fatal Rivalry: Flodden 1513 - Henry VIII, James IV and the Battle for Renaissance Britain. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2013.</ref>

In the same year as Perkin Warbeck's raid, Henry VII revoked [[Tynedale]]’s liberty status and incorporated it into the county of [[Northumberland]].<ref>Etty, Claire. "Neighbours from Hell? Living with Tynedale and Redesdale, 1489–1547." In Liberties and Identities in the Medieval British Isles, edited by Michael C. Prestwich, Alexander Grant, and Keith J. Stringer, 120.</ref>

[[1502|Seven years later]], Hob the King (Halbert Elliot) and Dand the Man (Andrew Elliot) rode out from Liddesdale and brazenly stole 180 sheep from the Lammermuir Hills—well within sight of the city of Edinburgh—demonstrating that Borderers had little hesitation in raiding their own countrymen when it suited them.<ref>Moffat, Alistair. The Reivers: The Story of the Border Reivers. Edinburgh: Birlinn, 2021., pp144</ref>

A particularly notable intra-national warfare episode occurred during just preceding the death of [[Henry VII of England|Henry VII]] in 1509, when a dispute over harbour dues between the municipality of [[Newcastle upon Tyne|Newcastle]] and the [[Tynemouth Priory and Castle|Prior of Tynemouth]] escalated into outright violence. The Prior, assembling a company of 500 armed men from liberties of Tynedale and Redesdale - equipped with spears, swords, bows, and arrows - ordered them to attack Newcastle. Over the course of six days, the raiders killed around 100 inhabitants and effectively laid siege to the city. The inhabitants of Newcastle, fearing for their lives, were forced to remain within the city walls, unable to retaliate.<ref name="auto3">Ralph Robson, ''The English Highland Clans: The Northern Border and the Anglo-Scottish Wars'' (Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1989).</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C3978155 |title=Description of document from National Archives |website=The National Archives |access-date=2024-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C3978131 |title=Description of document from National Archives |website=The National Archives |access-date=2024-12-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/C3975186 |title=Description of document from National Archives |website=The National Archives |access-date=2024-12-01}}</ref>

During the early Tudor period, governance and expenditure on the English side of the border underwent significant changes. The Border castles were removed from the control of the Wardens, their garrisons were greatly reduced, and Warden salaries were cut.<ref>Ellis, Steven G. Tudor Frontiers and Noble Power: The Making of the British State. Oxford University Press, 1995, p.49.</ref> As a result, the responsibility for border defence increasingly fell to the local nobility.<ref name="Neville, Cynthia J. 1998, p. 173"/>