Editing Bus (section)

==Manufacture==
{{Main|Bus manufacturing}}
Early bus manufacturing grew out of carriage [[coachbuilding|coach building]], and later out of automobile or truck manufacturers. Early buses were merely a bus body fitted to a truck chassis. This body+chassis approach has continued with modern specialist manufacturers, although there also exist integral designs such as the [[Leyland National]] where the two are practically inseparable. Specialist builders also exist and concentrate on building buses for special uses or modifying standard buses into specialised products.

Integral designs have the advantages that they have been well-tested for strength and stability, and also are [[Commercial off-the-shelf|off-the-shelf]]. However, two incentives cause use of the chassis+body model. First, it allows the buyer and manufacturer both to shop for the best deal for their needs, rather than having to settle on one fixed design—the buyer can choose the body and the chassis separately. Second, over the lifetime of a vehicle (in constant service and heavy traffic), it will likely get minor damage now and again, and being able easily to replace a body panel or window etc. can vastly increase its [[service life]] and save the cost and inconvenience of removing it from service.{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}}

As with the rest of the [[automotive industry]], into the 20th century, bus manufacturing increasingly became globalized, with manufacturers producing buses far from their intended market to exploit labour and material cost advantages. A typical city bus costs almost US$450,000.<ref name="Gross">{{cite web |last1=Gross |first1=Daniel |title=Further |url=http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_juice/2014/09/electric_buses_proterra_wants_to_rid_america_of_emission_spewing_buses.html |website=[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]] |date=5 September 2014 |publisher=[[The Slate Group]] |access-date=5 September 2014 |archive-date=12 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712183722/http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/the_juice/2014/09/electric_buses_proterra_wants_to_rid_america_of_emission_spewing_buses.html |url-status=live }}</ref>