Editing CERN (section)

=== International relations ===

Three countries have observer status:<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/obs/ |title=Observers |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=15 December 2015}}</ref>
* Japan – since 1995
* Russia – since 1993 (suspended as of March 2022)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-council-responds-russian-invasion-ukraine|title=CERN Council responds to Russian invasion of Ukraine |website=News |publisher=CERN |access-date=8 March 2022}}</ref>
* United States – since 1997

Also observers are the following international organizations:
* UNESCO – since 1954
* [[European Commission]] – since 1985
* [[Joint Institute for Nuclear Research|JINR]] – since 2014 (suspended as of March 2022)<ref name="war2022">{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-council-takes-further-measures-response-invasion-ukraine|title=CERN Council takes further measures in response to the invasion of Ukraine |website=News |publisher=CERN |access-date=25 March 2022}}</ref>

Non-Member States (with dates of Co-operation Agreements) currently involved in CERN programmes are:<ref name="member-states">{{cite web|url=https://home.cern/about/member-states |title=Member states |publisher=CERN |access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Associate & Non-Member State Relations {{!}} International Relations |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/Associate-Non-Member-State-Relations#NMS |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=international-relations.web.cern.ch}}</ref>

{{Columns-list|
* Albania – October 2014
* Algeria – 2008
* Argentina – 11 March 1992
* Armenia – 25 March 1994
* Australia – 1 November 1991
* Azerbaijan – 3 December 1997
* Bangladesh – 2014
* Belarus – 28 June 1994 (suspended as of March 2022<ref name="war2022"/>)
* Bolivia – 2007
* Bosnia & Herzegovina – 16 February 2021<ref>{{cite web |url=https://home.cern/news/news/cern/cern-lays-foundations-collaboration-bosnia-and-herzegovina-through-international |title=CERN lays foundations for collaboration with Bosnia and Herzegovina through International Cooperation Agreement |website=CERN |access-date=28 August 2023}}</ref>
* Canada – 11 October 1996
* Chile – 10 October 1991
* China – 12 July 1991, 14 August 1997 & 17 February 2004
* Colombia – 15 May 1993
* Costa Rica – February 2014
* Ecuador – 1999
* Egypt – 16 January 2006
* Georgia – 11 October 1996
* Iceland – 11 September 1996
* Iran – 5 July 2001
* Jordan – 12 June 2003<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/international-relations/nms/jordan.html |title=Jordan |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |access-date=4 July 2012}}</ref> MoU with Jordan and [[International Centre for Synchrotron-Light for Experimental Science Applications in the Middle East|SESAME]], in preparation of a cooperation agreement signed in 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/orgints/sesame.html |title=SESAME |website=International Relations |publisher=CERN |date=17 October 2011 |access-date=4 July 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120701224730/https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/International-Relations/orgints/sesame.html |archive-date=1 July 2012}}</ref>
* Kazakhstan – June 2018
* Lebanon – 2015
* Malta – 10 January 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cds.cern.ch/journal/CERNBulletin/2008/06/News%20Articles/1083445 |title=Prime Minister of Malta visits CERN |publisher=CERN |date=10 January 2008 |access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.timesofmalta.com/articles/view/20080111/local/malta-signs-agreement-with-cern.191318 |title=Malta signs agreement with CERN |newspaper=The Times|location=Malta |date=11 January 2008 |access-date=23 May 2014}}</ref>
* Mexico – 20 February 1998
* Mongolia – 2014
* Montenegro – 12 October 1990
* Morocco – 14 April 1997
* Nepal – 19 September 2017
* New Zealand – 4 December 2003
* North Macedonia – 27 April 2009
* Palestine – December 2015
* Paraguay – January 2019
* Peru – 23 February 1993
* Philippines – 2018
* Qatar – 2016
* Republic of Korea (South Korea) – 25 October 2006
* Saudi Arabia – 2006
* South Africa – 4 July 1992
* Sri Lanka – February 2017
* Thailand – 2018
* Tunisia – May 2014
* United Arab Emirates – 2006
* Vietnam – 2008}}

CERN also has scientific contacts with the following other countries:<ref name="member-states"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Associate & Non-Member State Relations {{!}} International Relations |url=https://international-relations.web.cern.ch/stakeholder-relations/Associate-Non-Member-State-Relations |access-date=2023-08-28 |website=international-relations.web.cern.ch}}</ref>

{{Columns-list|* Bahrain
* Cuba
* Ghana
* Honduras
* Hong Kong
* Indonesia
* Ireland
* Kuwait
* Luxemburg
* Madagascar
* Malaysia
* Mauritius
* Morocco
* Mozambique
* Oman
* Rwanda
* Singapore
* Sudan
* Taiwan
* Tanzania
* Uzbekistan
* Zambia}}

International research institutions, such as CERN, can aid in science diplomacy.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Quevedo|first=Fernando|title=The Importance of International Research Institutions for Science Diplomacy|journal=Science & Diplomacy|date=July 2013|volume=2|issue=3|url=https://www.sciencediplomacy.org/perspective/2013/importance-international-research-institutions-for-science-diplomacy}}</ref>