Editing Cagot (section)

=== Work ===

[[File:Bozate.JPG|400px|thumb|right|The neighborhood of Bozate in the town of [[Arizkun]] is a former ghetto of Navarrese Agotes, and is home to the {{lang|es|Museo Etnográfico de los Agotes}} (Ethnographic Museum of the Agotes).<ref name="Los agotes en Navarra">{{cite news |url=https://www.diariodenavarra.es/noticias/cultura-ocio/cultura/2020/04/22/los-agotes-navarra-pueblo-maldito-amante-artesania-688017-1034.html |title=Los agotes en Navarra, el pueblo maldito amante de la artesanía |language=es |trans-title=The Agotes in Navarra, the cursed town that loves crafts |date=22 April 2020 |access-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008140250/https://www.diariodenavarra.es/noticias/cultura-ocio/cultura/2020/04/22/los-agotes-navarra-pueblo-maldito-amante-artesania-688017-1034.html |archive-date=8 October 2021}}</ref>]]

Cagots were prohibited from selling food or wine,{{sfnp|Veyrin|2011|p=84}} touching food in the market, working with livestock,{{sfnp|Pérez|2010}} or entering mills.{{sfnp|Hawkins|2014|p=6}} The Cagots were often restricted to craft trades including those of carpenter,{{sfnp|Loubès|1995}}{{sfnp|Guy|1983}}<ref name="Jolly, 200b">{{harvp|Jolly|2000|p=200|ps=: "{{lang|fr|Lors des entretiens effectués récemment par P. Antolini dans le village d'Arizcun en Navarre, il ressort que les cagots dans cette région avaient des métiers et peu de terres: charpentier, menuisier, forgeron, carrier, meunier, joueur de flûte et de tambour, chasseur, tisserand. Ils travaillaient aussi sur les terres du seigneur Ursua comme métayers, ou comme ouvriers pour les agriculteurs et leveurs du village. Vers 1915-1920, la maison Ursua vendit aux cagots les terres qu'ils travaillaient: ils sont à présent presque tous propriétaires de leurs maisons et de leurs terres, mais la majorité sont encore artisans.}}" ["During interviews carried out recently by P. Antolini in the village of Arizcun in Navarre, it appears that the cagots in this region had trades and little land: carpenter, joiner, blacksmith, quarryman, miller, flute player and drummer, hunter, weaver. They also worked on the lands of Lord Ursua as sharecroppers, or as laborers for the village farmers and herders. Around 1915-1920, the Ursua house sold the land they worked to the cagots: they are now almost all owners of their houses and their land, but the majority are still artisans."]}}</ref> mason, woodcutter,{{sfnp|Veyrin|2011|p=85}} wood carver,<ref name="von Zach - 518">{{harvp|von Zach|1798|pp=516–517|ps=: "{{lang|de|Ausser dem Holzspalten und Zimmern sey ihnen kein anderes Handwerk erlaubt: diese beyden Beschäftigungen seyen aber eben dadurch verächtlich und ehrlos geworden.}}" ["Apart from splitting wood and carving, they are not allowed to do any other craft: these two occupations have become contemptible and dishonorable because of this."]}}</ref> cooper,{{sfnp|Guerreau|Guy|1988}}{{sfnp|Delacampagne|1983|p=114–115, 124}} butcher,<ref>{{cite book |last=Arnold-Baker |first=Charles |author-link=Charles Arnold-Baker |date=2001 |title=The Companion to British History |edition=2nd |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=0-203-93013-4 |pages=219}}</ref> and rope-maker.{{sfnp|Chisholm|1911|p=947}}{{sfnp|Thomas|2008}} They were also often employed as musicians in Navarre.{{sfnp|Veyrin|2011|p=85}}<ref name="Jolly, 200b"/> Cagots who were involved in masonry and carpentry were often contracted to construct major public buildings, such as churches, an example being the {{ill|Protestant temple of Pau|fr|Temple protestant de Pau}}.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fay |first1=Henri-Marcel |date=1910 |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57243705.r=cagots+Lourdes.langFR |title=Histoire de la lèpre en France. I. Lépreux et cagots du Sud-Ouest, notes historiques, médicales, philologiques, suivies de documents |language=fr |trans-title=History of leprosy in France. I. lepers and cagots in southwestern, medical and historical, philological, followed by documents |location=Paris |publisher=H. Champion |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108071227/https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57243705.r=cagots+Lourdes.langFR |archive-date=8 November 2023}}</ref> Due to association with woodworking crafts, Cagots often worked as the operators of instruments of torture and execution, as well as making the instruments themselves.{{sfnp|Delacampagne|1983|p=114–115, 124}}{{sfnp|Guerreau|Guy|1988}}{{r|Supplement 2010}} Such professions may have perpetuated their social ostracisation.{{sfnp|Guerreau|Guy|1988}}

Cagot women were often midwives until the 15th century.{{sfnp|Guerreau|Guy|1988}}{{sfnp|Delacampagne|1983|p=114–115, 124}} Due to [[social exclusion]], in France the Cagots were exempt from taxation until the 18th century.{{sfnp|Hansson|1996}}{{r|Supplement 2010}}{{sfnp|Michel|1847|p=185}} By the 19th century these restrictions seem to have been lifted, but the trades continued to be practiced by Cagots, along with other trades such as [[weaving]] and [[blacksmithing]].{{sfnp|Tuke|1880|p=378–379}}{{r|Jolly, 200b}} Because the main identifying mark of the Cagots was the restriction of their trades to a few small options, their segregation has been compared to the [[caste system in India]],{{sfnp|da Silva|2006}}<ref name="Von Zach Indischen Parias">{{harvp|von Zach|1798|p=515|ps=: "{{lang|de|An der westlichen Küste dieses Landes, von St. Malo an, bis tief die Pyrenäen hinauf, befindet sich eine Classe von Manschen, welche den Indischen Parias sehr nahe kommt, und mit diesen auf gleicher Stufe der Erniedrigung steht. Sie leben in diesen Gegenden zerstreut, seit undenklichen Zeiten bis auf den heutigen Tag unter fortdauernder Herabwürdigung von Seiten ihrer mehr begünstigten Mitbürger. Sie heissen mit ihrer bekanntesten und allgemeinsten Benennung Cagots, und es bleibt zweifelhaft, ob die Heuchler ihnen, oder sie diesen ihren Namen mitgetheilt haben, obgleich das letzte mir glaublicher scheint.}}" ["On the western coast of this country, from [[Saint-Malo|St. Malo]] to deep up the Pyrenees, there is a class of people who come very close to the Indian pariah, and are on the same level of humiliation with them. They have been scattered in these areas, from time immemorial to the present day, under constant disparagement from their more fortunate fellow citizens. With their best-known and most general designation they are called Cagots, and it remains doubtful whether the hypocrites gave them or they gave them their names, although the last one seems more credible to me."]}}</ref> with the Cagots being compared to the [[Dalits]].{{sfnp|da Silva|2006|pp=21–22}}