Editing Click consonant (section)

==Manners of articulation==
{{main|nasal click|glottalised click|pulmonic-contour click|ejective-contour click}}
Click manners are often called click ''accompaniments'' or ''effluxes'', but both terms have met with objections on theoretical grounds.

There is a great variety of click manners, both simplex and complex, the latter variously analysed as consonant [[consonant cluster|clusters]] or [[contour (linguistics)|contours]]. With so few click languages, and so little study of them, it is also unclear to what extent clicks in different languages are equivalent. For example, the {{IPA|[ǃkˀ]}} of Khoekhoe, {{IPA|[ǃkˀ ~ ŋˀǃk]}} of Sandawe and {{IPA|[ŋ̊ǃˀ ~ ŋǃkˀ]}} of Hadza may be essentially the same phone; no language distinguishes them, and the differences in transcription may have more to do with the approach of the linguist than with actual differences in the sounds. Such suspected allophones/allographs are listed on a common row in the table below.

Some Khoisan languages are [[Linguistic typology|typologically]] unusual in allowing mixed [[phonation|voicing]] in non-click consonant clusters/contours, such as {{IPA| ̬d̥sʼk͡x}}, so it is not surprising that they would allow mixed voicing in clicks as well. This may be an effect of epiglottalised voiced consonants, because voicing is incompatible with epiglottalisation.

===Phonation===
As do other consonants, clicks vary in [[phonation]]. Oral clicks are attested with four phonations: [[tenuis consonant|tenuis]], [[aspirated consonant|aspirated]], [[voiced consonant|voiced]] and [[breathy voice]]d (murmured). Nasal clicks may also vary, with plain voiced, breathy voiced / murmured nasal, aspirated and unaspirated voiceless clicks attested (the last only in Taa). The aspirated nasal clicks are often said to have 'delayed aspiration'; there is nasal airflow throughout the click, which may become voiced between vowels, though the aspiration itself is voiceless. A few languages also have pre-glottalised nasal clicks, which have very brief prenasalisation<!--creaky-voiced nasal?--> but have not been phonetically analysed to the extent that other types of clicks have.

All languages have nasal clicks, and all but [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]] and [[Damin]] also have oral clicks. All languages but Damin have at least one phonation contrast as well.

===Complex clicks===
Clicks may be pronounced with a third place of articulation, glottal. A [[glottal stop]] is made during the hold of the click; the (necessarily voiceless) click is released, and then the glottal hold is released into the vowel. Glottalised clicks are very common, and they are generally nasalised as well. The nasalisation cannot be heard during the click release, as there is no pulmonic airflow, and generally not at all when the click occurs at the beginning of an utterance, but it has the effect of nasalising preceding vowels, to the extent that the glottalised clicks of Sandawe and Hadza are often described as prenasalised when in medial position. Two languages, [[Gǀwi dialect|Gǀwi]] and [[Yeyi language|Yeyi]], contrast plain and nasal glottalised clicks, but in languages without such a contrast, the glottalised click is nasal. Miller (2011) analyses the glottalisation as phonation, and so considers these to be simple clicks.

Various languages also have prenasalised clicks, which may be analysed as consonant sequences. [[Sotho language|Sotho]], for example, allows a syllabic nasal before its three clicks, as in ''nnqane'' 'the other side' (prenasalised nasal) and ''seqhenqha'' 'hunk'.

There is ongoing discussion as to how the distinction between what were historically described as 'velar' and 'uvular' clicks is best described. The 'uvular' clicks are only found in some languages, and have an extended pronunciation that suggests that they are more complex than the simple ('velar') clicks, which are found in all. Nakagawa (1996) describes the extended clicks in [[Gǀwi dialect|Gǀwi]] as [[consonant cluster]]s, sequences equivalent to English ''st'' or ''pl'', whereas Miller (2011) analyses similar sounds in several languages as click–non-click [[contour (linguistics)|contours]], where a click transitions into a pulmonic or ejective articulation within a single segment, analogous to how English ''ch'' and ''j'' transition from occlusive to fricative but still behave as unitary sounds. With ejective clicks, for example, Miller finds that although the ejective release follows the click release, it is the rear closure of the click that is ejective, not an independently articulated consonant. That is, in a simple click, the release of the rear articulation is not audible, whereas in a contour click, the rear (uvular) articulation is audibly released after the front (click) articulation, resulting in a double release.

These contour clicks may be ''linguo-pulmonic'', that is, they may transition from a click (lingual) articulation to a normal pulmonic consonant like {{IPAblink|ɢ}} (e.g. {{IPA|[ǀ͡ɢ]}}); or ''linguo-glottalic'' and transition from lingual to an ejective consonant like {{IPAblink|qʼ}} (e.g. {{IPA|[ǀ͡qʼ]}}): that is, a sequence of ingressive (lingual) release + egressive (pulmonic or glottalic) release. In some cases there is a shift in place of articulation as well, and instead of a uvular release, the uvular click transitions to a velar or [[Epiglottal consonant|epiglottal]] release (depending on the description, {{IPA|[ǂ͡kxʼ]}} or {{IPA|[ǂᴴ]}}). Although [[homorganic]] {{IPA|[ǂ͡χʼ]}} does not contrast with heterorganic {{IPA|[ǂ͡kxʼ]}} in any known language, they are phonetically quite distinct (Miller 2011).

Implosive clicks, i.e. velar {{IPA|[ɠ͡ʘ ɠ͡ǀ ɠ͡ǃ ɠ͡ǂ ɠ͡ǁ]}}, uvular {{IPA|[ʛ͡ʘ ʛ͡ǀ ʛ͡ǃ ʛ͡ǂ ʛ͡ǁ]}}, and ''de facto'' front-closed palatal {{IPA|[ʄ͡ʘ ʄ͡ǀ ʄ͡ǃ ʄ͡ǁ]}} are not only possible but easier to produce than modally voiced clicks. However, they are not attested in any language.<ref>Kenneth Pike, ed. Ruth Brend (1972) ''Selected Writings: To Commemorate the 60th Birthday of Kenneth Lee Pike''. p. 226</ref>

Apart from Dahalo, Damin and many of the Bantu languages (Yeyi and Xhosa being exceptions), 'click' languages have glottalized nasal clicks. Contour clicks are restricted to southern Africa, but are very common there: they are found in all members of the Tuu, Kxʼa and Khoe families, as well as in the Bantu language Yeyi.

===Variation among languages===
In a comparative study of clicks across various languages, using her own field work as well as phonetic descriptions and data by other field researchers, Miller (2011) posits 21 types of clicks that contrast in manner or airstream.<ref group=note>Not counting the egressive "spurt" in Damin, and three additional voiced manners in Western ǃXoo, which pair up with voiceless manners.</ref> The [[homorganic]] and heterorganic affricated ejective clicks do not contrast in any known language, but are judged dissimilar enough to keep separate. Miller's conclusions differ from those of the primary researcher of a language; see the individual languages for details.
* [[Taa language|Taa]] (ǃXóõ) and [[Nǁng language|Nǁng]] (Nǀuu) are [[Tuu languages]], from the two branches of that family.
* [[ǂʼAmkoe language|ǂʼAmkoe]] (ǂHoan) and [[Juǀʼhoan language|Juǀʼhoan]] (ǃKung) are [[Kxʼa languages]], from the two branches of that family.
* [[Korana language|Korana]] and [[Gǀwi language|Gǀui]] (Gǁana) are [[Khoe languages]], from the two branches of that family.
(all spoken primarily in [[South Africa]], [[Namibia]] and [[Botswana]]; [[Khoekhoe language|Khoekhoe]] is similar to Korana except it has lost ejective {{IPA|/ᵏꞰ͡χʼ/}})
* [[Sandawe language|Sandawe]] and [[Hadza language|Hadza]] are [[language isolate]]s spoken in [[Tanzania]]
* [[Dahalo language|Dahalo]] is a [[Cushitic languages|Cushitic]] language of [[Kenya]]
* [[Xhosa language|Xhosa]] and [[Yeyi language|Yeyi]] are [[Bantu languages]], from the two geographic areas of that family that have acquired clicks.
([[Zulu language|Zulu]] is similar to Xhosa apart from not having {{IPA|/ᵑꞰˀ/}})
* [[Damin]] was an initiation jargon in northern [[Australia]].

Each language below is illustrated with Ʞ as a placeholder for the different click types. Under each language are the orthography (in italics, with old forms in parentheses), the researchers' transcription (in {{angbr|angle brackets}}), or allophonic variation (in [brackets]). Some languages also have labialised<!--not just Dahalo--> or prenasalised clicks in addition to those listed below.

<div style="margin:0 auto;overflow:scroll;width:auto;max-width:100%">
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Language ||  colspan=2| Tuu ||  colspan=2| Kxʼa ||  colspan=2| Khoe || rowspan=2| Sandawe || rowspan=2| Hadza|| Cushitic || colspan=2| Bantu || Australian
|-
! Taa || Nǁng || ǂʼAmkoe || Juǀʼhoan<ref group=note>Ekoka ǃKung has an additional manner, {{IPA|ˀᵑꞰ}}. Grootfontein and Mangetti Dune ǃKung, on the other hand, have a substantially smaller inventory: {{IPA|ᵏꞰ, ᶢꞰ, Ʞʰ, ᵑꞰ, ᵑ̊Ʞʱ, ᵑꞰˀ, Ʞ͡χ, Ʞ͡kxʼ}}.</ref> || Korana || Gǀui || Dahalo || Xhosa || Yeyi || Damin
|-
! colspan=3 | Manner&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
| colspan=3 align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ʘ, ǂ, ǃ, ǁ, ǀ}} || colspan=3 align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ǂ, ǃ, ǁ, ǀ}} || colspan=2 align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ǃ, ǁ, ǀ}} || align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ǀ}} || align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ǃ, ǁ, ǀ}} || align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ǂ, ǃ, ǁ, ǀ}} || align=center bgcolor="#f2f2f2" | {{IPA|ʘ, 𝼊, ǃ, ǀ}}
|-
|rowspan=4|Simple<br />oral<br />click
| ''[[Tenuis consonant|Tenuis]]''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵏꞰ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞ}}*
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[ᵏꞰ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞ (c, ç, q, x)''
<!-- Korana -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞg''
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|kꞰ}}
<!-- Sandawe -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''c, q, x''
<!-- Hadza -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''c, q, x (Ʞ)'' || 
<!-- Xhosa -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''c, q, x''
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞ}} ||
|-
| ''Voiced''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰ}}*
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ᶢꞰ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[ᶢꞰ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''gꞰ (dq etc.)'' || 
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰ}}
<!-- Sandawe -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''gq etc.''<br />{{IPA|[ᶢꞰ}} ~ {{IPA|ŋᶢꞰ]}} ||  ||  || 
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰ}} ||
|-
| ''Aspirated''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵏꞰʰ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞh}}*
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞʰ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[ᵏꞰʰ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞh (qh etc.)''
<!-- Korana -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞkh''
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|kꞰh}}
<!-- Sandawe -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''qh etc.''
<!-- Hadza -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''qh etc. (Ʞh)'' || 
<!-- Xhosa -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''qh etc.''
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞh}} (= Ʞx ?) ||
|-
| ''Breathy-voiced''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰʱ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰh}}* ||  || 
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''gꞰh (dqh etc.)''<br />{{IPA|[ᶢꞰʱ ~ ᶢꞰˠ]}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
<!-- Xhosa -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''gq etc.''{{refn|Perhaps better described as [[slack voice]]. Tone-depressor effect.<ref>Jessen & Roux, 2002. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20140703113602/http://www.phonetik.uni-muenchen.de/~hoole/kurse/hslarynx/jessenroux_jphon_30_2002.pdf Voice quality differences associated with stops and clicks in Xhosa]''</ref>|group=note}} || ||
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Nasal click consonant|Simple<br />nasal<br />click]]
| ''Voiceless''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑ̊Ʞ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|nhꞰ}}*<br />{{IPA|[ŋ̊ᵑꞰ]}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| ''Voiced''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑꞰ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|nꞰ}}* <br />{{IPA|[ŋ̈ᵑꞰ]}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ᵑꞰ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[ᵑꞰ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''nꞰ (nq etc.)''
<!-- Korana -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞn''
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ŋꞰ}}
<!-- Sandawe -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''nq etc.''
<!-- Hadza -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''nq etc. (nꞰ)''
<!-- Dahalo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑǀ/}}
<!-- Xhosa -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''nq etc.''
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ŋꞰ}}
<!-- Damin -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Nǃ}}
|-
| ''(Delayed) aspiration<br />(prenasalised between vowels)''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑ̊Ʞʰʱ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞhh}}<br />{{IPA|[ŋ̊↓Ʞh]}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ᵑ̊Ʞʰ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[ᵑ̊Ʞʱ ~ ŋᵑ̊Ʞʱ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞʼh (qʼh etc.)''
<!-- Korana -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞh''
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ŋꞰh}} ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| ''Breathy-voiced''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑꞰʱ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|nꞰhh}} ||  || 
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''nꞰh (nqh etc.)'' ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
<!-- Xhosa -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''ngq etc.''<ref group=note>Tone-depressor effect. Sometimes a prenasalized click with a short, voiced oral occlusion, but usually without.</ref> || ||
|-
| colspan=2| ''Preglottalised nasal click''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ˀᵑꞰ/}} <!--Not placed under glottalized because the lingual airstream is not glottalized-->
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ʼnꞰ}}*  || 
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[ʔᵑꞰ]}} || align=center | (in Ekoka) ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=4|[[Glottalised click|Glottalised<br />click]]
| ''Oral / velar ejective'' || bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵏꞰʼ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞʼ}}* || || || || |
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|kꞰʼ}} || || || ||
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞʼ}} ||
|-
| ''Creaky-voiced oral'' || bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰʼ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰʼ}}* ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| ''Nasal (silent initially,<br />prenasalised after vowels)''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑ̊Ʞˀ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞʼʼ}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ᵑ̊Ʞˀ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞˀ ~ ŋˀꞰ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞʼ (qʼ etc.)''<br /><small>(w/ nasal vowels)</small>
<!-- Korana -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞ''
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|kꞰʔ}} ({{IPA|ŋ̊Ʞʔ}})
<!-- Sandawe -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''qʼ etc.''<br />{{IPA|[Ʞˀʔ}} ~ {{IPA|ŋʔꞰˀ]}}
<!-- Hadza -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''qq etc.''<br />''(Ʞʼ ~ nꞰʼ)''
<!-- Dahalo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑǀˀ/}}
<!-- Xhosa -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''nkq etc.'' ?<ref>According to Nurse & Philippson (2003:616). This is typically transcribed as a prenasalized click, and is not included in Miller.</ref>
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ŋꞰʼ}} ||
|-
| ''Nasal (prenasalised initially) ''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵑꞰˀ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|nꞰʼʼ}} ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
|rowspan=6 bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |[[Pulmonic-contour click consonant|Pulmonic<br />contour]]
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Tenuis stop''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/Ʞ͡q/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞq}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞq}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞq]}}
!  || 
<!-- G/ui -->|  bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|qꞰ}}
!  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Voiced (and prenasalised)''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰ͡ɢ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰq}}<br />{{IPA|[ᶰꞰɢ ~ Ʞɢ]}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞɢ]}}<ref group=note>not prenasalized</ref>
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ({{IPA|[ᶰꞰɢ]}})<ref group=note>perhaps borrowed from Gǀui</ref>
!  || 
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|ɢꞰ}}<br />{{IPA|[ᶰꞰɢ]}}
!  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Aspirated stop''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/Ʞ͡qʰ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞqh}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞqʰ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞqʰ]}}
!  || 
<!-- G/ui -->|  bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|qꞰh}}
!  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Breathy-voiced ''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰ͡ɢʱ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰqh}}
!  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Voiceless fricative ''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᵏꞰ͡χ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞx}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞχ}}
<!-- =Hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞq͡χ]}}
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞx (qg etc.)''
!
<!-- G/ui -->|  bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|qꞰχ}}
!  ||  ||  || 
<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞx}} (?)
!
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Voiced fricative (prenasalised) ''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰ͡ʁ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰx}}<br />{{IPA|[ᶢꞰ͡χ ~ ɴᶢꞰ͡ʁ]}}
!  || 
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''gꞰx (dqg etc.)''
!  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||
|-
|rowspan=5 bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |[[Ejective-contour click consonant|Ejective<br />contour]]
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Ejective stop''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/Ʞ͡qʼ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞqʼ}}
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞqʼ]}}
<!-- ǂHoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞqʼ]}}
!  || 
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|qꞰʼ}}
!  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Voiced ejective stop'' || bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰ͡qʼ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰqʼ}}
!  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || ||
|-
| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Ejective fricative''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/Ʞ͡χʼ/}}
!
<!-- N/uu -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞχʼ}}
<!-- ǂHoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{IPA|[Ʞq͡χʼ]}}
!
<!-- Korana -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center rowspan=2 | ''Ʞkhʼ''
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<!-- Yeyi -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞqʼ}}<!--affricated per Miller-->
!
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| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Heterorganic affricate /<br /> epiglottalised''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/Ʞ͡kxʼ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|Ʞqxʼ}}
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<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''Ʞk (qgʼ etc.)''<br />{{IPA|[Ʞᵸ]}}
<!-- G/ui -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|qꞰχʼ}}
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| bgcolor="#f2f2f2" |''Voiced heterorganic <br />affricate / epiglottalised''|| bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ᶢꞰ͡kxʼ/}}
<!-- !Xoo -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|gꞰqxʼ}}
!  || 
<!-- Ju/hoan -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | ''gꞰk (dqgʼ etc.)''<br />{{IPA|[ᶢꞰˤ]}}
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| Egressive<ref group=note>Not technically a click, but the only other attested sound with a lingual airstream mechanism.</ref> || ''(Voiceless "spurt"; labial only)'' || bgcolor="#c0c0f0" align=center | {{IPA|/ʘ↑/}}
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<!-- Damin -->| bgcolor="#f0c0c0" align=center | {{angbr|pʼ}}
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! colspan=2 |  || IPA || Taa || Nǁng || ǂʼAmkoe || Juǀʼhoan || Korana || Gǀui || Sandawe || Hadza || Dahalo || Xhosa || Yeyi || Damin
|}
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Yeyi also has prenasalised {{IPA|/ŋᶢꞰ/}}. The original researchers believe that {{IPA|[Ʞʰ]}} and {{IPA|[Ʞχ]}} are allophones.

A DoBeS (2008) study of the Western ǃXoo dialect of Taa found several new manners: creaky voiced (the voiced equivalent of glottalised oral), breathy-voiced nasal, prenasalised glottalised (the voiced equivalent of glottalised) and a (pre)voiced ejective. These extra voiced clicks reflect Western ǃXoo morphology, where many nouns form their plural by voicing their initial consonant. DoBeS analyses most Taa clicks as clusters, leaving nine basic manners (marked with asterisks in the table). This comes close to Miller's distinction between simple and contour clicks, shaded light and medium grey in the table.