Editing Cockatoo (section)

===Aviculture===
[[File:Cacatua moluccensis excited.jpg|thumb|left|A wing-clipped pet. [[Salmon-crested cockatoo]]s, also known as Moluccan cockatoos,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/moluccan_cockatoo/|title=Moluccan Cockatoo (Cacatua moluccensis) – Parrot Encyclopedia|first=World Parrot|last=Trust|website=www.parrots.org|access-date=27 March 2018|archive-date=2 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702124212/http://www.parrots.org/index.php/encyclopedia/profile/moluccan_cockatoo|url-status=live}}</ref> are the largest white-coloured cockatoo species at about {{convert|52|cm|abbr=on}} long and weighing 775–935&nbsp;grams.<ref name="Forshaw (2006). plate 4.">{{harvnb|Forshaw|2006|p=plate 4}}</ref> Cockatoos can be noisy and demanding pets.|alt=Closeup of a wing-clipped white and salmon-coloured cockatoo ruffling its wings and crest and apparently squawking. It has a ring on its left leg.]]
Kept for their appearance, intelligence, and engaging personalities,<ref name = "HBW"/> cockatoos can nonetheless be problematic pets or [[companion parrot]]s.<ref name=RLow1999-p16/> Generally, they are not good at [[Talking bird|mimicking human speech]],<ref name = "DA 2003">{{Cite book|first= David |last= Alderton |title= The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Caged and Aviary Birds |isbn= 978-1-84309-164-6 |page= 205|publisher =Hermes House |location= London, England |year= 2003}}</ref> although the [[little corella]] is a renowned talker.<ref>{{harvnb|Cayley|Lendon|1973|p=97}}</ref> As social animals, wild cockatoos have been known to learn human speech from ex-captive birds that have integrated into a flock.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110923150518/http://www.australiangeographic.com.au/journal/Parrots-and-other-wild-birds-able-to-talk.htm "Birds of a feather talk together"] Retrieved 15 September 2011</ref> Their care is best provided by those experienced in keeping parrots.<ref name=RLow1999-p16/> Cockatoos are social animals and their social needs are difficult to cater for,<ref name=RLow1999-p16>{{harvnb|Low|1999|p=16}}</ref> and they can suffer if kept in a cage on their own for long periods of time.<ref name=RLow1999-p23>{{harvnb|Low|1999|p=23}}</ref>

The cockatiel is by far the cockatoo species most frequently kept in captivity. Among U.S. bird keepers that participated in a survey by APPMA in 2003/04, 39% had cockatiels, as opposed to only 3% that had (other) cockatoo species.<ref>Wool-N-Wings (2006). [http://www.parrots.com/parrot-ownership-page3.htm Bird Ownership Statistics in USA.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111019114636/http://www.parrots.com/parrot-ownership-page3.htm |date=19 October 2011 }} Retrieved 10 September 2011.</ref> The white cockatoos are more often encountered in aviculture than the black cockatoos.<ref>{{Harvnb|Athan|1999|p=84}}</ref> Black cockatoos are rarely seen in European zoos due to export restrictions on Australian wildlife but birds seized by governments have been loaned.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=King|first1=C. E.|date=January 2000|last2=Heinhuis|first2=H.|last3=Brouwer|first3=K.|title=Management and husbandry of black cockatoos ''Calyptorhynchus'' spp in captivity|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|volume=37|issue=1|pages=87–116|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.2000.tb00710.x }}</ref>

Cockatoos are often very affectionate with their owner and at times other people but can demand a great deal of attention. It has been suggested that cockatoos' need for physical attention from humans may stem from suboptimal rearing techniques – young birds being removed from parental care for hand-rearing too early in the belief that this will produce a more suitable pet, leading the bird to seek out physical contact from humans as a parent substitute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://birdtricksstore.com/blogs/birdtricks-blog/why-do-cockatoos-need-to-be-cuddled-a-theory|title=Why Do Cockatoos NEED To Be Cuddled? – A Theory|website=BirdTricks|date=15 October 2012 |access-date=18 December 2020|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201050725/https://birdtricksstore.com/blogs/birdtricks-blog/why-do-cockatoos-need-to-be-cuddled-a-theory|url-status=live}}</ref> Furthermore, their intense curiosity means they must be given a steady supply of objects to tinker with, chew, dismantle and destroy. Parrots in captivity may suffer from boredom, which can lead to [[stereotypy|stereotypic behaviour patterns]], such as [[feather-plucking]]. Feather plucking is likely to stem from psychological rather than physical causes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Garner|first=MM|author2=Clubb SL|author3=Mitchell MA|author4=Brown L|title=Feather-picking psittacines: histopathology and species trends|journal=Veterinary Pathology|year=2008|volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=401–08|pmid=18487502|doi=10.1354/vp.45-3-401|s2cid=1023194}}</ref> Other major drawbacks include their painful bites,<ref name=Ath86>{{Harvnb|Athan|1999|p=86}}.</ref> and their piercing screeches.<ref>{{Harvnb|Athan|1999|p=87}}.</ref> The salmon-crested<ref>{{Harvnb|Athan|1999|p=91}}</ref> and white cockatoo species are particular offenders.<ref>{{Harvnb|Athan|1999|p=92}}.</ref> All cockatoos have a fine [[Down feather|powder]] on their feathers, which may induce [[allergy|allergies]] in certain people.<ref name=Ath86/> In general, the smaller cockatoo species such as Goffin's and quieter Galah's cockatoos are much easier to keep as pets.<ref>{{harvnb|Cayley|Lendon|1973|p=107}}</ref> The cockatiel is one of the most popular and easiest parrots to keep as a pet,<ref>{{harvnb|Cayley|Lendon|1973|p=112}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Athan|1999|p=93}}</ref> and many [[Cockatiel colour genetics|colour mutations]] are available in aviculture.<ref name="Forshaw (2006). plate 6."/>

[[File:Cockatielmale.jpg|upright|right|thumb|A pet [[cockatiel]]. This parrot is about {{convert|32|cm|abbr=on}} long and is by far the smallest and lightest cockatoo. |alt=A slender mainly grey male crested parrot with a yellow and orange head perched on a horizontal wooden branch placed high in a room.]]
Larger cockatoos can live 30 to 70 years depending on the species, or occasionally longer, and cockatiels can live for about 20 years. As pets they require a long-term commitment from their owners. Their longevity is considered a positive trait as it reduces instances of the loss of a pet.<ref name = "HBW"/> The oldest cockatoo in captivity was a pink cockatoo named [[Cookie (cockatoo)|Cookie]], residing at [[Brookfield Zoo]] in Chicago, which lived to be 83 years old (1933–2016).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/BrookfieldZoo/photos/pb.52678154169.-2207520000.1452558483./10153497306309170|title=Brookfield Zoo|website=www.facebook.com|access-date=27 March 2018|archive-date=27 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200527205233/https://www.facebook.com/BrookfieldZoo/photos/pb.52678154169.-2207520000.1452558483./10153497306309170|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.foxnews.com/us/cookie-cockatoo-believed-to-be-the-worlds-oldest-dead-at-83/ |title='Cookie,' cockatoo believed to be the world's oldest, dead at 83 |date=30 August 2016 |work=[[Fox News]] |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-date=26 September 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926001421/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/08/30/cookie-cockatoo-believed-to-be-worlds-oldest-is-killed-at-83.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/27924/20160901/farewell-cookie-oldest-pink-cockatoo-dies-at-83.htm |title=Farewell Cookie: Oldest Pink Cockatoo Dies at 83 |author=A. Vila |publisher=[[Nature World News]] |date=1 September 2016 |access-date=28 September 2016 |archive-date=1 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161001210922/http://www.natureworldnews.com/articles/27924/20160901/farewell-cookie-oldest-pink-cockatoo-dies-at-83.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> A salmon-crested cockatoo named King Tut who resided at the [[San Diego Zoo]] was nearly 69 when he died in 1990 and a palm cockatoo reached 56 in [[London Zoo]] in 2000.<ref name=Brouwer2000>{{Cite journal|last=Brouwer|first=K|author2=Jones M|author3=King C|author4=Schifter H|title=Longevity records for Psittaciformes in captivity|journal=International Zoo Yearbook|year=2000|volume=37|pages=299–316|doi=10.1111/j.1748-1090.2000.tb00735.x}}</ref> However, anecdotal reports describe birds of much greater ages.<ref name=Brouwer2000/> Cocky Bennett of [[Blakehurst, New South Wales|Tom Ugly's Point]] in Sydney was a celebrated sulphur-crested cockatoo who was reported to have reached an age of 100 years or more. He had lost his feathers and was naked for much of his life.<ref>{{harvnb|Cayley|Lendon|1973|p=xxvi}}</ref> A palm cockatoo was reported to have reached 80 or 90 years of age in an Australian zoo,<ref name="Palm"/> and a little corella that was removed from a nest in central Australia in 1904 was reported still alive in the late 1970s.<ref name=Forshaw29>{{harvnb|Forshaw|Cooper|1978|p=29}}</ref> In February 2010, a white cockatoo named Arthur was claimed to be 90 years old; he had lived with a family for generations in [[Dalaguete]], [[Cebu]], before being taken to [[Cebu City]] Zoo.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/news/view/20100221-254470/90-year-old-cockatoo-eyes-Guinness-record|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100224015834/http://globalnation.inquirer.net/cebudailynews/news/view/20100221-254470/90-year-old-cockatoo-eyes-Guinness-record|archive-date=2010-02-24|title=90-year-old cockatoo eyes Guinness record |last= Codilla|first=Marian Z.|date=21 February 2010|newspaper=Philippine Daily Inquirer|access-date=27 February 2010}}</ref>

Trained cockatoos are sometimes seen in bird shows in zoos. They are generally less motivated by food than other birds; some may respond more to petting or praise than food. Cockatoos can often be taught to wear a [[parrot harness]], enabling their owners to take them outdoors. Cockatoos have been used in [[animal-assisted therapy]], generally in nursing homes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Swift |first=W. Bradford|title=The healing touch&nbsp;– animal-assisted therapy|journal=Animals |year=1997 |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=130–32}}</ref>

Cockatoos often have pronounced responses to musical sounds and numerous videos exist showing the birds dancing to popular music. Research conducted in 2008 with an [[Eleonora cockatoo]] named [[Snowball (cockatoo)|Snowball]] had indicated that this particular individual is indeed capable of [[Entrainment (biomusicology)|beat induction]]—perceiving human-created music and synchronizing his body movements to the beat.<ref name="Patel">{{Cite conference | vauthors =Patel AD, Iversen JR, Bregman MR, Schulz I, Schulz C | date =August 2008 | title =Investigating the human-specificity of synchronization to music | periodical =Proceedings of the 10th Intl. Conf. On Music Perception and Cognition | location =Adelaide | publisher =Causal Productions | url =http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Bregman_Schulz_Schulz_2008_ICMPC10.pdf | access-date =14 November 2008 | url-status =dead | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20090106063112/http://vesicle.nsi.edu/users/patel/Patel_Iversen_Bregman_Schulz_Schulz_2008_ICMPC10.pdf | archive-date =6 January 2009 | df =dmy-all }}</ref>