Editing Controlled burn (section)

==== United States ====
The [[Oregon Department of Environmental Quality]] began requiring a permit for farmers to burn their fields in 1981, but the requirements became stricter in 1988 following a multi-car collision<ref>[http://extension.oregonstate.edu/oap/story.php?S_No=80&storyType=oap&page=4] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060903084945/http://extension.oregonstate.edu/oap/story.php?S_No=80&storyType=oap&page=4|date=September 3, 2006}}</ref> in which smoke from field burning near [[Albany, Oregon]], obscured the vision of drivers on [[Interstate 5 in Oregon|Interstate 5]], leading to a 23-car collision in which 7 people died and 37 were injured.<ref>[http://extension.oregonstate.edu/oap/story.php?S_No=72&storyType=oap&cmd=pf] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060905210932/http://extension.oregonstate.edu/oap/story.php?S_No=72&storyType=oap&cmd=pf|date=September 5, 2006}}</ref> This resulted in more scrutiny of field burning and proposals to ban field burning in the state altogether.<ref>[http://www.westernlaw.org/our-work/field-burning/end-field-burning-in 2008] {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Mortensen |first=Camilla |title=Blowing Smoke |url=http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2008/07/24/coverstory.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110903080648/http://www.eugeneweekly.com/2008/07/24/coverstory.html |archive-date=2011-09-03 |access-date=2011-06-25 |publisher=Eugene Weekly}}</ref>

With controlled burns, there is also a risk that the fires get out of control. For example, the [[Calf Canyon/Hermits Peak Fire]], the largest wildfire in the history of [[New Mexico]], was started by two distinct instances of controlled burns, which had both been set by the [[US Forest Service]], getting out of control and merging.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Romero |first1=Simon |date=21 June 2022 |title=The Government Set a Colossal Wildfire. What Are Victims Owed? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/21/us/new-mexico-wildfire-forest-service.html |access-date=8 November 2022 |work=New York Times}}</ref>

The conflict of controlled burn policy in the United States has roots in historical campaigns to combat wildfires and to the eventual acceptance of fire as a necessary ecological phenomenon. Following colonization of North America, the US used fire suppression laws to eradicate the indigenous practice of prescribed fire. This was done against scientific evidence that supported prescribed burns as a natural process. At the loss to the local environment, colonies utilized fire suppression in order to benefit the logging industry.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Vinyeta |first=Kirsten |date=2021-10-12 |title=Under the guise of science: how the US Forest Service deployed settler colonial and racist logics to advance an unsubstantiated fire suppression agenda |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23251042.2021.1987608 |journal=Environmental Sociology |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=134–148 |doi=10.1080/23251042.2021.1987608 |issn=2325-1042 |s2cid=244604573|url-access=subscription }}</ref>

The notion of fire as a tool had somewhat evolved by the late 1970s as the National Park Service authorized and administered controlled burns.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Rothman |first=Hal K. |title=A Test of Adversity and Strength: Wildland Fire in the National Park System |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |year=2005 |pages=186}}</ref> Following prescribed fire reintroduction, the [[Yellowstone fires of 1988]] occurred, which significantly politicized fire management. The ensuing media coverage was a spectacle that was vulnerable to misinformation. Reports drastically inflated the scale of the fires which disposed politicians in Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana to believe that all fires represented a loss of revenue from tourism.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite book |last=Franke |first=Mary Ann |url=https://archive.org/details/yellowstoneinaft00fran |title=Yellowstone in the Afterglow: Lessons from the Fires |year=2000 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/yellowstoneinaft00fran/page/41 41]}}</ref> Paramount to the new action plans is the suppression of fires that threaten the loss of human life with leniency toward areas of historic, scientific, or special ecological interest.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Forest Service Wilderness Fire Policy |url=http://www.wilderness.net/fire}}</ref>

There is still a debate amongst policy makers about how to deal with wildfires. Senators [[Ron Wyden]] and [[Mike Crapo]] of Oregon and Idaho have been moving to reduce the shifting of capital from fire prevention to fire suppression following the harsh fires of 2017 in both states.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Wyden renews call for Congress to fix wildfire funding |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/wildfires/index.ssf/2017/09/wyden_renews_call_for_congress.html |access-date=2017-12-03 |work=OregonLive.com |language=en-US}}</ref>

Tensions around fire prevention continue to rise due to the increasing prevalence of climate change. As drought conditions worsen, North America has been facing an abundance of destructive wildfires.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mueller |first1=Stephanie E. |last2=Thode |first2=Andrea E. |last3=Margolis |first3=Ellis Q. |last4=Yocom |first4=Larissa L. |last5=Young |first5=Jesse D. |last6=Iniguez |first6=Jose M. |date=2020-03-15 |title=Climate relationships with increasing wildfire in the southwestern US from 1984 to 2015 |journal=Forest Ecology and Management |language=en |volume=460 |pages=117861 |doi=10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117861 |issn=0378-1127 |s2cid=212684658 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2020ForEM.46017861M }}</ref> Since 1988, many states have made progress toward controlled burns. In 2021, California increased the number of trained personnel to perform controlled burns and created more accessibility for landowners.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bill Text – AB-642 Wildfires. |url=https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB642 |access-date=2023-04-28 |website=leginfo.legislature.ca.gov}}</ref>