Editing Deep brain stimulation (section)

====Quality of life====
A study comparing quality of life and adverse affects from patient perspective found that DBS had a more positive effect on quality of life than subcutaneous apomorphine, intestinal dopamine and best medical therapy, but also the highest rate of adverse effects.<ref name="Nijhuis MID 2021"/> DBS has been found to be superior to best medical therapy in impact on quality of life, though no study to date has shown to favor the GPi or STN specifically.<ref name="JAMA Neurol 2018"/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Rughani |first1=A |last2=Hamani |first2=C |title=Congress of Neurological Surgeons Systematic Review and Evidence-Based Guideline on Subthalamic Nucleus and Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Patients With Parkinson's Disease: Executive Summary. |journal=Neurosurgery |date=1 June 2018 |volume=82 |issue=6 |pages=753–756 |doi=10.1093/neuros/nyy037 |pmid=29538685|pmc=6636249 }}</ref> A Bayesian analysis found intestinal dopamine has been shown to be superior to both DBS and best medical therapy for quality of life.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Antonini |first1=A |last2=Pahwa |first2=R |last3=Odin |first3=P |last4=Isaacson |first4=SH |last5=Merola |first5=A |last6=Wang |first6=L |last7=Kandukuri |first7=PL |last8=Alobaidi |first8=A |last9=Yan |first9=CH |last10=Bao |first10=Y |last11=Zadikoff |first11=C |last12=Parra |first12=JC |last13=Bergmann |first13=L |last14=Chaudhuri |first14=KR |title=Comparative Effectiveness of Device-Aided Therapies on Quality of Life and Off-Time in Advanced Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-analysis. |journal=CNS Drugs |date=December 2022 |volume=36 |issue=12 |pages=1269–1283 |doi=10.1007/s40263-022-00963-9 |pmid=36414908|pmc=9712309 }}</ref> Younger age, early onset of Parkinson's, less dyskinesia, and higher quality of life before surgery predict higher quality of life following the procedure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Geraedts |first1=VJ |last2=Feleus |first2=S |last3=Marinus |first3=J |last4=van Hilten |first4=JJ |last5=Contarino |first5=MF |title=What predicts quality of life after subthalamic deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease? A systematic review. |journal=European Journal of Neurology |date=March 2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=419–428 |doi=10.1111/ene.14147 |pmid=31876047|hdl=1887/3206659 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>