Editing Defence mechanism (section)

== Relation with coping ==
{{See also|Coping (psychology)}}
{{Expand section|date=August 2016}}
There are multiple different perspectives on how the construct of ''defence'' relates to the construct of ''[[Coping (psychology)|coping]].'' While the two concepts share multiple similarities, there is a distinct difference between them that depends on the state of consciousness the process is carried out in. The process of coping involves using logic and reason to stabilize negative emotions and stressors. This differs from defence, which is driven by impulse and urges.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Haan |first=Norma |url=http://archive.org/details/copingdefendingp0000haan |title=Coping and defending : processes of self-environment organization |date=1977 |publisher=New York : Academic Press |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-12-312350-3}}</ref><ref name="Cramer 1998 919–946">{{Cite journal |last=Cramer |first=Phebe |date=1998 |title=Coping and Defense Mechanisms: What's the Difference? |url=https://www.academia.edu/28773917 |journal=Journal of Personality |volume=66 |issue=6 |pages=919–946 |doi=10.1111/1467-6494.00037 |issn=0022-3506}}</ref>

Similarities between coping and defense mechanisms have been extensively studied in relation to various [[mental health]] conditions, such as [[Depression (mood)|depression]], [[anxiety]], and [[personality disorder]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Felton |first1=Barbara J. |last2=Revenson |first2=Tracey A. |date=1984 |title=Coping with chronic illness: A study of illness controllability and the influence of coping strategies on psychological adjustment. |url=http://content.apa.org/journals/ccp/52/3/343 |journal=Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology |language=en |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=343–353 |doi=10.1037/0022-006X.52.3.343 |pmid=6747054 |issn=0022-006X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Research indicates that these mechanisms often follow specific patterns within different disorders, with some, like avoidant coping, potentially exacerbating future symptoms.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Bornstein |first1=Robert F. |last2=Bianucci |first2=Violeta |last3=Fishman |first3=Daniel P. |last4=Biars |first4=Julia W. |date=2014-04-01 |title=Toward a Firmer Foundation for DSM-5.1 : Domains of Impairment in DSM-IV/DSM-5 Personality Disorders |url=http://guilfordjournals.com/doi/10.1521/pedi_2013_27_116 |journal=Journal of Personality Disorders |language=en |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=212–224 |doi=10.1521/pedi_2013_27_116 |pmid=23786269 |issn=0885-579X|url-access=subscription }}</ref> This aligns with the vulnerability-stress psychopathology model, which involves two core components: vulnerability (non-adaptive mechanisms and processes) and stress (life events).<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nuechterlein |first1=K. H. |last2=Dawson |first2=M. E. |date=1984-01-01 |title=A Heuristic Vulnerability/Stress Model of Schizophrenic Episodes |url=https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/schbul/10.2.300 |journal=Schizophrenia Bulletin |language=en |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=300–312 |doi=10.1093/schbul/10.2.300 |pmid=6729414 |issn=0586-7614|doi-access=free }}</ref> These factors interact to create a threshold for the development of mental disorders. The types of coping and defense mechanisms used can either contribute to vulnerability or act as protective factors.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yank |first1=Glenn R. |last2=Bentley |first2=Kia J. |last3=Hargrove |first3=David S. |date=1993 |title=The vulnerability-stress model of schizophrenia: Advances in psychosocial treatment. |url=http://doi.apa.org/getdoi.cfm?doi=10.1037/h0079401 |journal=American Journal of Orthopsychiatry |language=en |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=55–69 |doi=10.1037/h0079401 |pmid=8427312 |issn=1939-0025|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Coping and defence mechanisms work in tandem to balance out feelings of anxiety or guilt, categorizing them both as a "mechanisms of [[adaptation]]."<ref name="Cramer 1998 919–946"/>