Editing Dissolution of parliament (section)

== Estonia ==
Per Section 60 of the [[Constitution of Estonia]], regular elections to the [[Riigikogu]], Estonia's unicameral parliament, are held on the first Sunday of March in the fourth year following the preceding parliamentary election. However, the Riigikogu can be dissolved by the [[President of Estonia]] and fresh elections called prior to the expiration of its four-year term if one of the following four circumstances should occur:

# Following the resignation of the outgoing Government, a new Government is unable to be formed according to the procedure established by Section 89 of the Constitution.
# The Riigikogu passes a motion of no confidence in the Government or the [[Prime Minister of Estonia|prime minister]], and the Government proposes (within three days of the no-confidence motion) that the President call an early election.
# The Riigikogu submits a proposed law to a referendum, and that proposed law fails to receive a majority of the votes cast in the referendum, per Section 105 of the Constitution.
# The Riigikogu fails to approve a national budget within two months of the beginning of the financial year, per Section 119 of the Constitution.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/521052015001/consolide|title=The Constitution of the Republic of Estonia–Riigi Teataja}}</ref>

In the first, third, and fourth cases above, the President must call an early election. In the second case, however, a Government that has lost the confidence of the Riigikogu is not obliged to request an early election. This occurred in 2016, when Prime Minister [[Taavi Rõivas]] lost a no confidence motion. His government resigned, and [[President of Estonia|President]] [[Kersti Kaljulaid]] nominated [[Jüri Ratas]] to form the next government without an election taking place.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.err.ee/119642/prime-minister-loses-no-confidence-vote-forced-to-resign|title = Prime Minister loses no confidence vote, forced to resign|date = 9 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.err.ee/119804/president-appoints-juri-ratas-government|title = President appoints Jüri Ratas' government|date = 23 November 2016}}</ref>

Likewise, if a Government loses a no confidence vote and requests an early election, the President can refuse the Government's request if it appears a successor government could command the support of the Riigikogu.

As of 2018, every convocation of the Riigikogu has run its full term.