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==Japanese== Japanese employs [[litotes]] to phrase ideas in a more indirect and polite manner. Thus, one can indicate necessity by emphasizing that not doing something would not be proper. For instance, {{lang|ja|γγͺγγγ°γͺγγͺγ}} (''{{Transliteration|Jpan|shinakereba naranai}}'', "must", more literally "if not done, [can] not be") means "not doing [it] wouldn't be proper". {{lang|ja|γγͺγγγ°γγγͺγ}} (''{{Transliteration|Jpan|shinakereba ikenai}}'', also "must", "if not done, can not go') similarly means "not doing [it] can't go forward". Of course, indirectness can also be employed to put an edge on one's rudeness as well. Whilst "He has studied Japanese, so he should be able to write kanji" can be phrased {{lang|ja|ε½Όγ―ζ₯ζ¬θͺγεεΌ·γγγγζΌ’εγ§ζΈγγͺγγγγγͺγ}} (''{{Transliteration|Jpan|kare wa nihongo o benkyΕ shita kara kanji de kakenai wake ga nai}}''), there is a harsher idea in it: "Because he studied Japanese, there is no reason he can't write Kanji".
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