Editing Effects unit (section)

===Modulation===
{{listen
|filename =Demo chorus.ogg
|title  =Chorus effect
|description=Chorus effect on guitar, coming from an Electro-Harmonix Small Clone
|filename2=Flanging effect.ogg
|title2  =Flanging effect
|description2=A short synthesizer sample followed by two flanging versions
|filename3=Phasing_effect.ogg
|title3  =Phaser effect
|description3=Unprocessed organ followed by different phasing effects
|filename4=Ring_Modulation-with_2500Hz.ogg
|title4  =Ring modulation effect
|description4=Bell-like sound
|filename5=LFOtoVolume-Tremolo.ogg
|title5  =Tremolo effect
|description5=A low-frequency oscillator modulating a tremolo (synthesizer)
|filename6=LFOtoPitch-Vibrato.ogg
|title6  =Vibrato effect
|description6=A low-frequency oscillator modulating a vibrato (synthesizer)
}}
[[Modulation]], in general electronics, means the altering of one signal based on another. In audio effects, modulation is a control feature that varies the strength or other attribute of the effect over time to alter tonal properties. Some modulation effects modulate an instrument's [[audio signal]] with a signal generated by the effect called a [[carrier wave]].<ref name="Zolzer">{{Cite book|last1=Zölzer|last2=Amatriain|first1=Udo|first2=Xavier|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h90HIV0uwVsC|title=DAFX: Digital Audio Effects|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2002|page=76|isbn=9780471490784}}</ref> Other modulation effects split an instrument's audio signal in two, altering one portion of the signal and mixing it with the unaltered portion.<ref name="Coulter">{{cite book |last=Coulter |first=Doug |date=2000 |title=Digital Audio Processing |publisher=Taylor & Francis |page=271 |isbn=9780879305666}}<!--imperfectly recovered reference: previous indicated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_VIKe7n9R_8C (not found) |publisher=Focal Press |date=2001 possibly a different edition, page number may be incorrect--></ref>

''[[chorus effect|Chorus]]'': Chorus pedals mimic the effect [[choir]]s and [[string orchestra]]s produce naturally, by mixing similar sounds with slight differences in [[timbre]] and [[pitch (music)|pitch]]. A chorus effect splits the [[audio signal]] and adds a slight delay and [[frequency]] variations or ''[[vibrato]]'' to one version while leaving the rest unaltered.<ref name="Coulter" /><ref>{{Cite book|last=Perkins|first=Chad|title=The After Effects Illusionist: All the Effects in One Complete Guide|publisher=Focal Press|year=2009|page=37|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qsvgDeyrz-0C&q=chorus+signal+delay&pg=PA37|isbn=978-0-240-81145-1}}</ref> A well-known usage of chorus is the lead guitar in "[[Come as You Are (Nirvana song)|Come As You Are]]" by [[Nirvana (band)|Nirvana]].<ref name="google23"/>

Chorus effects: [[Boss Corporation|Boss]] CE-1 Chorus Ensemble, [[Electro-Harmonix]] Small Clone, [[TC Electronic]] Stereo Chorus.<!--This article has often been used to advertise. List only products that 1.) have Wikipedia articles and 2. ) have been well known for a number of years and used by influential musicians-->

''[[Flanger]]'': A flanger creates a ''whooshing'', ''jet plane'' or ''spaceship'' sound, simulating a studio effect that was first produced by recording a track on two synchronized [[Reel-to-reel audio tape recording|tape decks]] and periodically slowing one tape by pressing the edge of its reel (the ''flange''). When the two tapes' [[audio signal]]s are later mixed, a [[comb filter]] effect can be heard. Flanger units add a variably delayed version of the audio signal to the original or signal, creating a comb filter or [[Doppler effect]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Kurasaki|first=Kurt|title=Power Tools for Reason 3.0: Master the World's Most Popular Virtual Studio|publisher=Hal Leonard|year=2005|page=169|isbn=9780879308612|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nPkBCZ1F7kAC&pg=PA169}}</ref><ref>Louie, G; White, G (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=DulVm8t88QkC ''The Audio Dictionary''], University of Washington Press. p. 153.</ref> Some famous uses of flanger effects include "[[Walking on the Moon]]" by [[The Police]], the intro to "[[Ain't Talkin' 'Bout Love]]" by [[Van Halen]], and "[[Barracuda (song)|Barracuda]]" by [[Heart (band)|Heart]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.igdb.co.uk/pages/reviews/effect/electro_harmonix/deluxe_electric_mistress.htm|title=Electro Harmonix Deluxe Electric Mistress Review|publisher=Internet Guitar Database|access-date=19 September 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051030020829/http://www.igdb.co.uk/pages/reviews/effect/electro_harmonix/deluxe_electric_mistress.htm|archive-date=30 October 2005|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Citation|last=Brewster|first=David M.|title=Introduction to Guitar Tone and Effects: A Manual for Getting the Sounds from Electric Guitars, Amplifiers, Effects Pedals and Processors|publisher=Hal Leonard|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q99-bY3cL8YC|year=2001|page=29|isbn=9780634060465}}</ref>

Flanger effects: [[Electro-Harmonix]] Electric Mistress, [[MXR]] Flanger, [[Boss Corporation|Boss]] BF-3 Flanger.<!--This article has often been used to advertise. List only products that 1.) have Wikipedia articles and 2. ) have been well known for a number of years and used by influential musicians-->

[[File:MXR M-101 Phase 90 modified.jpg|thumb|left|200px|An MXR-101 Phaser pedal]]
''[[Phaser (effect)|Phaser]]'': A phaser or phase shifter creates a slight rippling effect—amplifying some aspects of the tone while diminishing others—by splitting an [[audio signal]] in two and altering the [[Phase (waves)|phase]] of one portion. Three well-known examples of phaser are the [[two-handed tapping]] part on the Van Halen instrumental "[[Eruption (instrumental)|Eruption]]" and the keyboard parts on [[Billy Joel]]'s "[[Just the Way You Are (Billy Joel song)|Just the Way You Are]]" and [[Paul Simon]]'s "[[Slip Slidin' Away]]".<ref>Louie, G; White, G. (2005). [https://books.google.com/books?id=DulVm8t88QkC ''The Audio Dictionary''], University of Washington Press. p. 288.</ref>

Phase shift effects: [[Uni-Vibe]], [[Electro-Harmonix]] Small Stone, [[MXR Phase 90]].<!--This article has often been used to advertise. List only products that 1.) have Wikipedia articles and 2. ) have been well known for a number of years and used by influential musicians-->

''[[Ring modulator]]'': A ring modulator produces a resonant, metallic sound by [[frequency mixing]] an instrument's [[audio signal]] with a [[carrier wave]] generated by the device's internal [[Electronic oscillator|oscillator]]. The original sound wave is suppressed and replaced by a ''ring'' of [[inharmonic]] higher and lower [[pitch (music)|pitches]] or [[sideband]]s.<ref name="Zolzer" /><ref>{{Citation|last=Moog|first=Robert|author-link=Robert Moog|title=Synthesizer technique|publisher=Hal Leonard|series=Keyboard Synthesizer Library|volume=2|year=1984|chapter=Pitch Blending, Modulation, and Expression|page=52|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IQrOFoWL0T4C&pg=PA53|isbn=0-88188-290-9}}</ref> A notable use of [[ring modulation]] is the guitar in the [[Black Sabbath]] song "[[Paranoid (Black Sabbath song)|Paranoid]]".<ref>McNamee, David [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2009/nov/09/ring-modulators "Hey, What's That Sound: Ring Modulators"], ''The Guardian'', London, 9 November 2009.</ref>

Ring modulator effects: [[Moogerfooger#MF-102|Moogerfooger MF-102 Ring Modulator]].<!--This article has often been used to advertise. List only products that 1.) have Wikipedia articles and 2. ) have been well known for a number of years and used by influential musicians-->

''[[Tremolo]]'': A tremolo effect produces a variation in the volume of a signal. The tremolo effect should not be confused with the misleadingly-named [[tremolo bar]], a device on a guitar bridge that creates a [[vibrato]] or [[pitch-bending]] effect. In electronic effects, a tremolo is produced by modulating an instrument's audio signal with a [[Subaudible tone|sub-audible]] carrier wave in such a way that generates amplitude variations in the sound wave.<ref>{{Citation|last=Hartman|first=W. M.|date=19 March 1979|title=The Electronic Music Synthesizer and the Physics of Music|publisher=American Association of Physics Teachers|url=http://www.pa.msu.edu/acoustics/ajpsynth.pdf|access-date=2021-10-10|archive-date=5 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305034409/http://www.pa.msu.edu/acoustics/ajpsynth.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Holmes">{{Citation|last=Holmes|first=Thomas|title=Electronic and Experimental Music: Technology, Music, and Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hCthQ-bec-QC&q=vibrato+%22carrier+wave%22+%22carrier+signal%22&pg=PA198|year=2008|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-95781-6|page=198}}</ref> Tremolo effects are built-in effects in some vintage [[guitar amplifiers]]. The guitar intro in the [[Rolling Stones]]' "[[Gimme Shelter]]" features a tremolo effect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.guitaretab.com/r/rolling-stones/16342.html|title=Rolling Stones – Gimme Shelter tab|author=Trolet, Jean-Pierre|access-date=9 September 2010}}</ref>

Tremolo effects: Demeter TRM-1 Tremulator, [[Fender Tremolux]].<!--This article has often been used to advertise. List only products that 1.) have Wikipedia articles and 2. ) have been well known for a number of years and used by influential musicians-->

''[[Slicer (guitar effect)|Slicer]]'': Combines a [[modulation]] sequence with a [[noise gate]] or [[envelope filter]] to create a percussive and rhythmic effect like a helicopter.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://rolandcorp.com.au/blog/guitar-fx-101-guide-guitar-effects-pedals#FXS |title=Guitar FX-101: Your Guide to Guitar Effects Pedals |date=6 August 2016 |publisher=[[Roland Corporation]] |access-date=2020-03-14}}</ref>

''[[Vibrato]]'': Vibrato effects produce slight, rapid variations in [[Pitch (music)|pitch]], mimicking the fractional [[semitone]] variations produced naturally by [[opera singer]]s and violinists when they are prolonging a single note. Vibrato effects often allow the performer to control the rate of the variation as well as the difference in pitch (''depth''). A vibrato with an extreme ''depth'' setting (e.g., half a semitone or more) will produce a dramatic, [[ululating]] sound. In [[transistor]]ized effects, vibrato is produced by mixing an instrument's [[audio signal]] with a [[carrier wave]] in such a way that generates frequency variations in the sound wave.<ref name="Holmes" /> Guitarists often use the terms ''[[vibrato]]'' and ''[[tremolo]]'' misleadingly. A so-called ''vibrato unit'' in a guitar amplifier may actually produces tremolo, while a ''[[tremolo arm]]'' or ''whammy bar'' on a guitar produces vibrato.<ref>Mangum, E; Stubbs, D (2000). [https://books.google.com/books?id=pp6xpWAgjFcC ''Dod Presents 100 Superstar Guitar Sounds on a Stompbox Budget'']. Hal Leonard. p. 94.</ref><ref>Fischer, Peter (2000), [https://books.google.com/books?id=fFSEYzW5SAAC ''Rock Guitar Secrets''], Mel Bay. p. 164.</ref>

Vibrato effects: [[Boss Corporation|Boss VB-2 Vibrato]].