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Experience
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=== Others === A great variety of experiences is discussed in the academic literature besides the types mentioned so far. The term "[[Flow (psychology)|flow]]", for example, refers to experiences in which the agent is fully immersed in a certain activity. This type of experience has various characteristic features, including a clear sense of the activity's goal, immediate feedback on how one is doing and a good balance between one's skills and the difficulty of the task.<ref name="KazdinFlow"/><ref name="LopezFlow"/> A diverse group of activities can lead to flow experiences, like art, sports and computer games.<ref name="KazdinFlow">{{cite book |editor1-last=Kazdin |editor1-first=Alan E. |title=Encyclopedia of Psychology |date=2000 |publisher=American Psychological Association |isbn=978-1-55798-187-5 |url=https://www.apa.org/pubs/books/4600100 |chapter=Flow}}</ref> Flow is of particular interest to [[positive psychology]] because its experience is pleasurable.<ref name="LopezFlow">{{cite book |last1=Lopez |first1=Shane J. |title=The Encyclopedia of Positive Psychology |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/LOPTEO-2 |chapter=Flow|year=2009 }}</ref> Aesthetic experience is a central concept in the [[psychology of art]] and [[experimental aesthetics]].<ref name="Marković">{{cite journal |last1=Marković |first1=Slobodan |title=Components of aesthetic experience: aesthetic fascination, aesthetic appraisal, and aesthetic emotion |journal=i-Perception |date=12 January 2012 |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |doi=10.1068/i0450aap |pmid=23145263 |pmc=3485814 |issn=2041-6695}}</ref> It refers to the experience of [[aesthetic]] objects, in particular, concerning [[beauty]] and [[art]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Eaton |first1=Marcia Muelder |title=Aesthetic Experience |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/aesthetic-experience |website=www.encyclopedia.com |access-date=12 October 2021}}</ref> There is no general agreement on the fundamental features common to all aesthetic experiences. Some accounts focus on features like a fascination with an aesthetic object, a feeling of unity and intensity, whereas others emphasize a certain psychological distance from the aesthetic object in the sense that the aesthetic experience is disconnected from practical concerns.<ref name="Marković"/><ref>{{cite web |last1=Shelley |first1=James |title=The Concept of the Aesthetic: 2.4 Aesthetic Experience |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aesthetic-concept/#AesExp |website=The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University |access-date=12 October 2021 |date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aesthetics - The aesthetic experience |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/aesthetics/The-aesthetic-experience |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=12 October 2021 |language=en}}</ref> [[Transformative Experience|Transformative experiences]] are experiences involving a radical transformation that leaves the experiencer a different person from who they were before.<ref name="Paul">{{cite journal |last1=Paul |first1=L. A. |title=Précis of Transformative Experience |journal=Philosophy and Phenomenological Research |date=2015 |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=760–765 |doi=10.1111/phpr.12249 |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/PAUPOT|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Examples of transformative experiences include having a child, fighting in a war, or undergoing a religious conversion. They involve fundamental changes both in one's beliefs and in one's core preferences.<ref name="Paul"/><ref name="Pettigrew"/> It has been argued that transformative experiences constitute counterexamples to [[rational choice theory]] because the person deciding for or against undergoing a transformative experience cannot know what it will be like until afterward. It also may be because it is not clear whether the decision should be grounded in the preferences before or after the transformation.<ref name="Paul"/><ref name="Pettigrew">{{cite journal |last1=Pettigrew |first1=Richard |title=Transformative Experience and Decision Theory |journal=Philosophy and Phenomenological Research |date=2015 |volume=91 |issue=3 |pages=766–774 |doi=10.1111/phpr.12240 |hdl=1983/b4796dab-2003-4e0b-99ef-9c3bc276b547 |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/PETTEA-2|hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Campbell |first1=Tim |last2=Mosquera |first2=Julia |title=Transformative Experience and the Shark Problem |journal=Philosophical Studies |date=2020 |volume=177 |issue=11 |pages=3549–3565 |doi=10.1007/s11098-019-01382-1 |s2cid=213752362 |url=https://philpapers.org/rec/CAMTEA-3|doi-access=free }}</ref>
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