Editing Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (section)

=== Cannulation ===
[[Cannula]]e can be placed percutaneously by the [[Seldinger technique]], a relatively straightforward and common method for obtaining access to blood vessels, or via surgical cutdown. The largest cannulae that can be placed in the vessels are used in order to maximize flow and minimize shear stress. However, limb ischemia is one of the notorious complications of ECMO but can be avoided utilizing a proper distal limb perfusion method.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Mohite |first1=PN |last2=Fatullayev |first2=J |last3=Maunz |first3=O |last4=Kaul |first4=S |last5=Sabashnikov |first5=A |last6=Weymann |first6=A |last7=Saez |first7=DG |last8=Patil |first8=NP |last9=Zych |first9=B |last10=Popov |first10=AF |last11=DeRobertis |first11=F |last12=Bahrami |first12=T |last13=Amrani |first13=M |last14=Simon |first14=AR |title=Distal limb perfusion: Achilles' heel in peripheral venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. |journal=Artificial Organs |date=November 2014 |volume=38 |issue=11 |pages=940–4 |doi=10.1111/aor.12314 |pmid=24788069}}</ref> In addition, ECMO can be used intraoperatively during lung transplantation to stabilize the patient with excellent outcomes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hoetzenecker |first1=K |last2=Schwarz |first2=S |last3=Muckenhuber |first3=M |last4=Benazzo |first4=A |last5=Frommlet |first5=F |last6=Schweiger |first6=T |last7=Bata |first7=O |last8=Jaksch |first8=P |last9=Ahmadi |first9=N |last10=Muraközy |first10=G |last11=Prosch |first11=H |last12=Hager |first12=H |last13=Roth |first13=G |last14=Lang |first14=G |last15=Taghavi |first15=S |last16=Klepetko |first16=W |title=Intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the possibility of postoperative prolongation improve survival in bilateral lung transplantation. |journal=The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery |date=May 2018 |volume=155 |issue=5 |pages=2193–2206.e3 |doi=10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.10.144 |pmid=29653665|s2cid=4894644 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sef |first1=D |last2=Verzelloni Sef |first2=A |last3=Mohite |first3=P |last4=Stock |first4=U |last5=Trkulja |first5=V |last6=Raj |first6=B |last7=Garcia Saez |first7=D |last8=Mahesh |first8=B |last9=De Robertis |first9=F |last10=Simon |first10=A |title=Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in DCD and DBD lung transplants: a 2-year single-center experience. |journal=Transplant International |date=December 2020 |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=1788–1798 |doi=10.1111/tri.13754 |pmid=32989785|s2cid=222162950 }}</ref>

ECMO required for complications post-cardiac surgery can be placed directly into the appropriate chambers of the heart or great vessels. Peripheral (femoral or jugular) cannulation can allow patients awaiting lung transplantation to remain awake and ambulatory with improved post-transplant outcomes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tipograf |first1=Y |last2=Salna |first2=M |last3=Minko |first3=E |last4=Grogan |first4=EL |last5=Agerstrand |first5=C |last6=Sonett |first6=J |last7=Brodie |first7=D |last8=Bacchetta |first8=M |title=Outcomes of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation as a Bridge to Lung Transplantation. |journal=The Annals of Thoracic Surgery |date=May 2019 |volume=107 |issue=5 |pages=1456–1463 |doi=10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.01.032 |pmid=30790550|s2cid=73457728 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sef |first1=D |last2=Verzelloni Sef |first2=A |last3=Trkulja |first3=V |last4=Raj |first4=B |last5=Lees |first5=NJ |last6=Walker |first6=C |last7=Mitchell |first7=J |last8=Petrou |first8=M |last9=De Robertis |first9=F |last10=Stock |first10=U |last11=McGovern |first11=I |title=Midterm outcomes of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge to lung transplantation: Comparison with nonbridged recipients. |journal=Journal of Cardiac Surgery |date=April 2022 |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=747–759 |doi=10.1111/jocs.16253 |pmid=35060184|s2cid=246079006 }}</ref>