Editing Finland (section)

==Government and politics==
{{Main|Politics of Finland}}
{{multiple image
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| image1            = Alexander Stubb - 2024 (73516) (cropped).jpg
| caption1          = [[Alexander Stubb]],<br /><small>13th [[President of Finland|President]]<br />since 1 March 2024</small>
| image2            = Petteri-Orpo-01 (cropped).jpg
| caption2          = [[Petteri Orpo]],<br /><small>47th [[Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister]]<br />since 20 June 2023</small>
}}
[[File:BlueEurozone.svg|thumb|Finland is a member of:<br />
{{legend2|#039|the [[Eurozone]]}}
{{legend2|#039}}{{legend2|#36C|the [[European Union]]}}]]

===Constitution===
The [[Constitution of Finland]] defines the political system; Finland is a [[parliamentary republic]] within the framework of a [[representative democracy]]. The [[Prime Minister of Finland|Prime Minister]] is the country's most powerful person. Citizens can run and vote in parliamentary, municipal, presidential, and [[Elections in the European Union|European Union elections]].

===President===
{{Main|President of Finland}}
Finland's [[head of state]] is the [[President of Finland|President of the Republic]]. Finland had, for most of its independence a [[semi-presidential system]] of government, but in the last few decades the powers of the president have become more circumscribed, and consequently the country is now considered a [[parliamentary republic]].<ref name="Parliamentary">{{Cite journal |last=Nousiainen |first=Jaakko |date=June 2001 |title=From semi-presidentialism to parliamentary government: political and constitutional developments in Finland |journal=Scandinavian Political Studies |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=95–109 |doi=10.1111/1467-9477.00048  | issn=0080-6757}}</ref> A new constitution, enacted in 2000, made the presidency primarily a ceremonial office. The president appoints the [[Prime Minister of Finland|prime minister]] as elected by [[Parliament of Finland|Parliament]], appoints and dismisses the other ministers of the [[Finnish Government]] on the recommendation of the prime minister, opens parliamentary sessions, and confers state honors. Nevertheless, the president remains responsible for Finland's [[foreign relations of Finland|foreign relations]], including the making of war and peace, but excluding matters related to the [[European Union]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finland's Next President Will Face a Changed Security Landscape |url=https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/finlands-next-president-will-face-changed-security-landscape |access-date=5 April 2025 |website=Rusi |language=en}}</ref> Moreover, the president exercises supreme command over the [[Finnish Defence Forces]] as commander-in-chief. In the exercise of his or her foreign and defense powers, the president is required to consult the [[Finnish government]], but the government's advice is not binding. In addition, the president has several domestic [[reserve powers]], including the authority to veto legislation, to grant pardons, and to appoint several public officials.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Duties |url=https://www.presidentti.fi/en/presidency/duties/ |access-date=3 March 2025 |website=Presidentti |language=en-US}}</ref> The president is also required by the Constitution to dismiss individual ministers or the entire government upon a parliamentary vote of no confidence.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Finland_2011?lang=en|title=Constitution of Finland, 1999 (rev. 2011)|publisher=Constitute Project|access-date=5 March 2022|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305070137/https://constituteproject.org/constitution/Finland_2011?lang=en|url-status=live}}</ref>

The president is directly elected via [[Two-round system|runoff voting]] and may serve for a maximum of two consecutive 6-year terms. The current president is [[Alexander Stubb]], who took office on [[2024 Finnish presidential election|1 March 2024]]. His predecessors were [[Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg]] (1919–1925), [[Lauri Kristian Relander]] (1925–1931), [[Pehr Evind Svinhufvud]] (1931–1937), [[Kyösti Kallio]] (1937–1940), [[Risto Ryti]] (1940–1944), [[Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim]] (1944–1946), [[Juho Kusti Paasikivi]] (1946–1956), [[Urho Kekkonen]] (1956–1982), [[Mauno Koivisto]] (1982–1994), [[Martti Ahtisaari]] (1994–2000), [[Tarja Halonen]] (2000–2012), and [[Sauli Niinistö]] (2012–2024).

===Parliament===
{{Main|Parliament of Finland}}
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| image1            = Parlamento,_Helsinki,_Finlandia,_2012-08-14,_DD_02.JPG
| caption1          = The [[Parliament of Finland]]'s main building in Helsinki
| image2            = Eduskunta istuntosali.jpg
| caption2          = The Session Hall of the Parliament of Finland
}}

The 200-member [[Unicameralism|unicameral]] Parliament of Finland ({{Langx|fi|Eduskunta}}) exercises supreme legislative authority in the country. It may alter the constitution and ordinary laws, dismiss the cabinet, and override presidential vetoes. Its acts are not subject to judicial review; the constitutionality of new laws is assessed by the parliament's [[Parliament of Finland#Committees|constitutional law committee]]. The parliament is elected for a term of four years using the proportional [[D'Hondt method]] within several multi-seat constituencies through the [[Open list#Most open|most open list]] multi-member districts. Various parliament committees listen to experts and prepare legislation.

Significant [[List of political parties in Finland|parliamentary parties]] are [[Centre Party (Finland)|Centre Party]], [[Christian Democrats (Finland)|Christian Democrats]], [[Finns Party]], [[Green League]], [[Left Alliance (Finland)|Left Alliance]], [[National Coalition Party]], [[Social Democratic Party of Finland|Social Democrats]] and [[Swedish People's Party of Finland|Swedish People's Party]].

===Cabinet===
{{Main|Finnish Government}}
{{See also|Prime Minister of Finland}}
After parliamentary elections, the parties negotiate among themselves on forming a new cabinet (the [[Finnish Government]]), which then has to be approved by a simple majority vote in the parliament. The cabinet can be dismissed by a parliamentary vote of no confidence, although this rarely happens, as the parties represented in the cabinet usually make up a majority in the parliament.

The cabinet exercises most executive powers and originates most of the bills that the parliament then debates and votes on. It is headed by the [[Prime Minister of Finland]], and consists of him or her, other ministers, and the [[Chancellor of Justice (Finland)|Chancellor of Justice]]. Each minister heads his or her ministry, or, in some cases, has responsibility for a subset of a ministry's policy. After the prime minister, the most powerful minister is often the [[Minister of Finance (Finland)|minister of finance]].

As no one party ever dominates the parliament, Finnish cabinets are multi-party coalitions. As a rule, the post of prime minister goes to the leader of the biggest party and that of the minister of finance to the leader of the second biggest.

The [[Orpo Cabinet]] is the incumbent 77th government of Finland. It took office on 20 June 2023. The cabinet is headed by [[Petteri Orpo]] and is a coalition between the National Coalition Party, Finns Party, the Swedish People's Party, and the Christian Democrats.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Finland's conservative party picks ministers for right-wing coalition government – The Seattle Times |url=https://www.seattletimes.com/business/finlands-conservative-party-picks-ministers-for-right-wing-coalition-government/?amp=1 |access-date=18 June 2023 |website=www.seattletimes.com |date=18 June 2023 |archive-date=18 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618202805/https://www.seattletimes.com/business/finlands-conservative-party-picks-ministers-for-right-wing-coalition-government/?amp=1 |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Law===
{{Main|Law of Finland|Judicial system of Finland}}
[[File:Supreme Court of Finland.jpg|thumb|The Court House of the [[Supreme Court of Finland|Supreme Court]]]]
The judicial system of Finland is a [[Civil law (legal system)|civil law]] system divided between [[court]]s with regular civil and criminal jurisdiction and [[administrative court]]s with jurisdiction over litigation between individuals and the public administration. Finnish law is codified and based on [[Judiciary of Sweden|Swedish law]] and in a wider sense, civil law or [[Roman law]]. The court system for civil and criminal jurisdiction consists of local courts, [[Hovrätt|regional appellate courts]], and the [[Supreme Court of Finland|Supreme Court]]. The administrative branch of justice consists of administrative courts and the [[Supreme Administrative Court of Finland|Supreme Administrative Court]]. In addition to the regular courts, there are a few special courts in certain branches of administration. There is also a [[Judicial system of Finland#High Court of Impeachment|High Court of Impeachment]] for criminal charges against certain high-ranking officeholders.

Around 92% of residents have confidence in Finland's security institutions.<ref name="corruptionpolicing">Policing corruption, International Perspectives.</ref> The overall [[Crime in Finland|crime rate of Finland]] is not high in the EU context. Some crime types are above average, notably the high [[homicide]] rate for Western Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/3/3e/Intentional_homicides%2C_2016_%28police-recorded_offences_per_100_000_inhabitants%29.png |title=File:Intentional homicides, 2016 (police-recorded offences per 100 000 inhabitants).png |access-date=10 December 2010 |archive-date=20 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180920101005/https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/images/3/3e/Intentional_homicides%2C_2016_%28police-recorded_offences_per_100_000_inhabitants%29.png |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[day fine]] system is in effect and also applied to offenses such as [[speeding]]. Finland has a very low number of corruption charges; [[Transparency International]] ranks Finland as one of the least corrupt countries in Europe.

===Foreign relations===
{{Main|Foreign relations of Finland}}
[[File:Nobel Peace Prize 2008 Ole Danbolt Mjøs & Martti Ahtisaari 1.jpg|thumb|[[Martti Ahtisaari]] receiving the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008]]
According to the 2012 constitution, the president leads foreign policy in cooperation with the government, except that the president has no role in EU affairs.<ref name="Finnish constitution">[http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf Finnish constitution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113222833/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/kaannokset/1999/en19990731.pdf |date=13 November 2013 }}, Section 93.</ref> In 2008, president [[Martti Ahtisaari]] was awarded the [[Nobel Peace Prize]].<ref name="Nobelprize">{{cite web|url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2008/|title=The Nobel Peace Prize 2008|work=The Nobel Foundation|publisher=Nobel Foundation|access-date=10 May 2009|archive-date=12 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612211621/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/2008/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Finland's [[Finland–Russia relations|relationship with Russia]] deteriorated following the 2022 [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]], with a number of Russian diplomats expelled for spying, Russians restricted from visiting Finland and the general opinion immediately changing for [[Finland–NATO relations|Finland to join NATO]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Finnish government approves indefinite entry restrictions for Russians |date=6 July 2023 |url=https://newsinfrance.com/finnish-government-approves-indefinite-entry-restrictions-for-russians/ |access-date=21 July 2023 |archive-date=20 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720234936/https://newsinfrance.com/finnish-government-approves-indefinite-entry-restrictions-for-russians/ |url-status=live }}</ref> while it has also had a significant impact on the increasing strengthold of [[Finland–United States relations|relations between the United States and Finland]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/finland-strengthens-trade-relations-in-increasingly-important-us-market|title=Finland strengthens trade relations in increasingly important US market|publisher=[[Finnish Government]]|date=12 December 2022|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219010500/https://valtioneuvosto.fi/en/-/finland-strengthens-trade-relations-in-increasingly-important-us-market|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the 2024 [[Global Peace Index]], Finland is the 13th most peaceful country in the world.<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Global Peace Index |url=https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/GPI-2024-web.pdf}}</ref>

===Military===
{{Main|Finnish Defence Forces|Military history of Finland|Finland–NATO relations}}
{{See also|List of wars involving Finland|Finland–Russia border}}
[[File:Tracked transport vehicle Sisu NA 110.JPG|thumb|[[Sisu Nasu]] NA-110 tracked transport vehicle of the Finnish Army. Most conscripts receive training for warfare in winter, and transport vehicles such as this give mobility in heavy snow.]]
The Finnish Defence Forces consist of a [[Cadre (military)|cadre]] of professional soldiers (mainly officers and technical personnel), currently serving conscripts, and a large reserve. The standard readiness strength is 34,700 people in uniform, of which 25% are professional soldiers. The entire reserve comprises approximately 900,000 people.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/europe/article/finland-russia-war-putin-bhlqs0b6d|title=Finland stays strong in face of Russia threat: 'We are talking about war'|work=[[The Times]]|access-date=27 May 2025|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name="cnn"/> A universal male [[Conscription in Finland|conscription]] is in place, under which all male Finnish nationals above 18 years of age serve for 6 to 12 months of armed service or 12 months of [[Siviilipalvelus|civilian]] (non-armed) service.
Voluntary post-conscription overseas peacekeeping service is popular, and troops serve around the world in UN, NATO, and EU missions. Women are allowed to serve in all combat arms. In 2022, 1211 women entered voluntary military service.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 December 2022 |title=Ennätysmäärä vapaaehtoisia naisia suoritti varusmiespalveluksen – kotiutuneita yli 1000 - |url=https://puolustusvoimat.fi/-/ennatysmaara-vapaaehtoisia-naisia-suoritti-varusmiespalveluksen-kotiutuneita-yli-1000 |access-date=3 January 2023 |website=Puolustusvoimat |language=fi-FI |archive-date=2 January 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230102204538/https://puolustusvoimat.fi/-/ennatysmaara-vapaaehtoisia-naisia-suoritti-varusmiespalveluksen-kotiutuneita-yli-1000 |url-status=live }}</ref> The army consists of a highly mobile field army backed up by local defence units. With a high capability of [[military personnel]],<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/14544-finland-to-raise-wartime-strength-to-280-000-troops.html| title = Finland to raise wartime strength to 280,000 troops| date = 17 February 2017| access-date = 9 October 2022| archive-date = 2 December 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20221202064100/https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/finland/finland-news/domestic/14544-finland-to-raise-wartime-strength-to-280-000-troops.html| url-status = live}}</ref> [[arsenal]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/7b4df6b7-cb77-4af7-bd97-80bd2c109f5b|title=Suomella on järisyttävän suuri ja kadehdittu tykistö|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=8 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221108213509/https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/7b4df6b7-cb77-4af7-bd97-80bd2c109f5b|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[homeland defence]] willingness, Finland is one of Europe's militarily strongest countries.<ref name="cnn">{{cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/27/world/video/finland-president-alexander-stubb-russia-ebof-vrtc|title=Video: Finland's president responds to Russian military activity along border|work=[[CNN]]|access-date=28 May 2025}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://euromaidanpress.com/2015/04/11/finland-sparta-of-the-north/|title=Finland - Sparta of the North|first=Paula|last=Chertok|work=Euromaidan Press|date=11 April 2015|access-date=9 October 2022|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014185723/https://euromaidanpress.com/2015/04/11/finland-sparta-of-the-north/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Finnish defence expenditure per capita is one of the highest in the European Union.<ref>[http://www.stat.fi/artikkelit/2007/art_2007-06-01_005.html Työvoimakustannukset puuttuvat puolustusmenoista] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912204417/http://www.stat.fi/artikkelit/2007/art_2007-06-01_005.html |date=12 September 2018 }}, Statistics Finland {{in lang|fi}}: Eurostat ranking is sixth, but the third when conscription is accounted.</ref> The branches of the military are [[Finnish Army|the army]], [[Finnish Navy|the navy]], and [[Finnish Air Force|the air force]]. The [[Finnish Border Guard|border guard]] is under the Ministry of the Interior but can be incorporated into the Defence Forces when required for defence readiness.

Finland became a member of [[NATO]] on 4 April 2023,<ref name="finland-and-nato"/> though it participated in the [[NATO Response Force]] before becoming a member. Before NATO membership, Finland has been part of the [[Joint Expeditionary Force]] (JEF) since 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.defmin.fi/en/areas_of_expertise/international_defence_cooperation/jef_cooperation#2082a0aa|title=JEF cooperation|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Finland)|Ministry of Defence]]|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219063135/https://www.defmin.fi/en/areas_of_expertise/international_defence_cooperation/jef_cooperation#2082a0aa|url-status=live}}</ref> Finland also contributes to the [[EU Battlegroup]].<ref>{{cite web|title=European Union battlegroups|url=http://puolustusvoimat.fi/en/international-crisis-management/eu-battle-group|publisher=Finnish Defence Forces|access-date=27 May 2018|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117092239/https://puolustusvoimat.fi/en/international-crisis-management/eu-battle-group|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://natowatch.org/sites/default/files/briefing_paper_no.51_finland_and_nato.pdf |title=Is Finland taking a step closer to NATO membership |first=Nigel |last=Chamberlain |publisher=NATO Watch |date=19 May 2014 |access-date=27 May 2018 |archive-date=9 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220609224936/https://natowatch.org/sites/default/files/briefing_paper_no.51_finland_and_nato.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="eduskunta.fi">{{cite report |title=Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between the Government of the Republic of Finland and Headquarters, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation As Well As Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Regarding the Provision of Host Nation Support for the Execution of NATO: Operations / Exercises / Similar Military Activity |url=https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/lakiensaataminen/valiokunnat/ulkoasiainvaliokunta/Documents/HNS_MOU_FINLAND.pdf |via=[[Parliament of Finland]] |date=n.d. |publisher=NATO |access-date=29 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160803161737/https://www.eduskunta.fi/FI/lakiensaataminen/valiokunnat/ulkoasiainvaliokunta/Documents/HNS_MOU_FINLAND.pdf |archive-date=3 August 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Finland sent personnel to the [[Kosovo Force]] and the [[International Security Assistance Force]] in Afghanistan.<ref>[http://yle.fi/uutiset/finnish_soldiers_involved_in_20-minute_gunfight_in_afghanistan/7702492 Finnish soldiers involved in 20-minute gunfight in Afghanistan |Yle Uutiset] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908205300/http://yle.fi/uutiset/finnish_soldiers_involved_in_20-minute_gunfight_in_afghanistan/7702492 |date=8 September 2016 }}. yle.fi. Retrieved 18 May 2016.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160105231045/http://formin.finland.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=115832&nodeid=49302&contentlan=2&culture=en-US Finland's participation in NATO-led crisis management operations]. Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland</ref> On 18 December 2023, Finland signed the [[Agreement on Defense Cooperation between Finland and the United States of America|DCA agreement]] with the United States, which regulates the presence of the US armed forces and their dependents on the territory of Finland, as well as the presence and activities of US suppliers.<ref name="tbo">{{cite web|url=https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2023/12/finland-invites-american-troops-far-northern-bases|title=New defence agreement: Finland invites American troops to bases in Lapland|first=Atle|last=Staalesen|work=[[The Barents Observer]]|date=18 December 2023|access-date=19 December 2023|archive-date=19 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231219003547/https://thebarentsobserver.com/en/security/2023/12/finland-invites-american-troops-far-northern-bases|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Human rights===
{{Main|Human rights in Finland}}
[[File:Helsinki Cathedral before Helsinki Pride Parade 2022-07-02.jpg|thumb|People gathering at the [[Senate Square, Helsinki|Senate Square]], [[Helsinki]], before the [[Helsinki Pride|2022 Helsinki Pride parade]] started]]
Finland has one of the world's most extensive [[Social security in Finland|welfare systems]], one that guarantees decent living conditions for all residents. The welfare system was created almost entirely during the first three decades after World War II.<ref name="LOC">Text from PD source: US Library of Congress: ''[http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/fitoc.html A Country Study: Finland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214114830/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/fitoc.html |date=14 February 2015 }}'', Library of Congress Call Number DL1012 .A74 1990.</ref>

Section 6 of the [[Finnish Constitution]] states: "No one shall be placed in a different position on situation of sex, age, origin, language, religion, belief, opinion, state of health, disability or any other personal reason without an acceptable reason".<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1999/731 | title = Perustuslaki: 2. luku Perusoikeudet, 6 § Yhdenvertaisuus 2 momentti | year = 1999 | publisher = Finlex | access-date = 27 August 2020 | language = fi | archive-date = 23 April 2012 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120423074406/http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1999/19990731 | url-status = live }}</ref>

Finland has been ranked above average among the world's countries in [[democracy]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.democracyranking.org/downloads/2012/Scores_of_the_Democracy-Ranking-2012.htm |title=Scores of the Democracy Ranking 2012 |publisher=Global Democracy Ranking |year=2012 |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-date=23 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423023959/http://www.democracyranking.org/downloads/2012/Scores_of_the_Democracy-Ranking-2012.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[press freedom]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/finland |title=Freedom of the Press: Finland |publisher=Freedom House |year=2013 |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-date=4 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904010956/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2013/finland |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[human development (economics)|human development]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/FIN.html |title=Statistics of the Human Development Report |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |year=2013 |access-date=27 September 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131128081803/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/profiles/FIN.html |archive-date=28 November 2013 }}</ref> [[Amnesty International]] has expressed concern regarding some issues in Finland, such as the imprisonment of [[conscientious objector]]s, and [[Racism in Finland|societal discrimination]] against [[Romani people]] and members of other ethnic and linguistic minorities.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/finland/report-2013 |title=Annual Report 2013: Finland |publisher=[[Amnesty International]] |year=2013 |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-date=31 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131231151421/http://www.amnesty.org/en/region/finland/report-2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm#wrapper |title=Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012: Finland |publisher=U.S. State of Department [[Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor]] |year=2012 |access-date=27 September 2013 |archive-date=21 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180521170415/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm#wrapper |url-status=live }}</ref>

In the report of the European umbrella organization [[ILGA-Europe]] published in May 2023, Finland [[LGBT rights in Finland|ranked sixth]] in a European comparison of [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBTQ+ rights]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/23542-j.html|title=Finland ranks 6th in European LGTBQ+ rights comparison|work=[[Helsinki Times]]|date=11 May 2023|access-date=12 May 2023|archive-date=12 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512021618/https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/23542-j.html|url-status=live}}</ref>