Editing Forced displacement (section)

=== Local response ===
Responses at multiple levels<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Szkudlarek|first1=Betina|last2=Nardon|first2=Luciara|last3=Osland|first3=Joyce S.|last4=Adler|first4=Nancy J.|last5=Lee|first5=Eun Su|date=August 2021|title=When Context Matters: What Happens to International Theory When Researchers Study Refugees|url=http://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amp.2018.0150|journal=Academy of Management Perspectives|language=en|volume=35|issue=3|pages=461–484|doi=10.5465/amp.2018.0150|issn=1558-9080|url-access=subscription}}</ref> and across sectors is vital.<ref>{{Citation|last1=Lee|first1=Eun Su|date=2021-08-16|url=https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211011/full/html|work=Intercultural Management in Practice|pages=121–129|editor-last=Chavan|editor-first=Meena|publisher=Emerald Publishing Limited|doi=10.1108/978-1-83982-826-320211011|isbn=978-1-83982-827-0|access-date=2021-09-27|last2=Roy|first2=Priya A.|last3=Szkudlarek|first3=Betina|title=Integrating Refugees into the Workplace – A Collaborative Approach |s2cid=238706123|editor2-last=Taksa|editor2-first=Lucy|url-access=subscription}}</ref> A research has for instance highlighted the importance of collaboration between businesses and non-governmental organizations to tackle resettlement and employment issues.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Eun Su|last2=Szkudlarek|first2=Betina|date=2021-04-14|title=Refugee employment support: The HRM–CSR nexus and stakeholder co-dependency|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1748-8583.12352|journal=Human Resource Management Journal|volume=31|issue=4|language=en|pages=1748–8583.12352|doi=10.1111/1748-8583.12352|s2cid=234855263|issn=0954-5395|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

Lived in experiences of displaced persons will vary according to the state and local policies of their country of relocation. Policies reflecting national exclusion of displaced persons may be undone by inclusive urban policies. Sanctuary cities are an example of spaces that regulate their cooperation or participation with immigration law enforcement.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last=Houston|first=Serin|s2cid=166602825|date=2019-02-06|title=Conceptualizing sanctuary as a process in the United States|journal=Geographical Review|volume=109 |issue=4 |pages=562–579 |doi=10.1111/gere.12338|bibcode=2019GeoRv.109..562H |issn=0016-7428}}</ref> The practice of urban membership upon residence allows displaced persons to have access to city services and benefits, regardless of their legal status.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kaufmann|first=David|date=2019-02-11|title=Comparing Urban Citizenship, Sanctuary Cities, Local Bureaucratic Membership, and Regularizations|journal=Public Administration Review|volume=79|issue=3|pages=443–446|doi=10.1111/puar.13029|s2cid=159209267|issn=0033-3352|url=https://boris.unibe.ch/131145/}}</ref> Sanctuary cities have been able to provide migrants with greater mobility and participation in activities limiting the collection of personal information, issuing identification cards to all residents, and providing access to crucial services such as health care.<ref name=":2" /> Access to these services can ease the hardships of displaced people by allowing them to healthily adjust to life after displacement .