Editing Ford flathead V8 engine (section)

===221===
The original flathead engine displaced {{cvt|221|cuin|L|1}}, with {{cvt|3.0625|by|3.75|in}} bore and stroke.<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" >''Street Rodder'', 1/85, p.&nbsp;73</ref> The [[engine block|block]] was cast as a single piece (''[[monobloc cylinders|monobloc]]'') for durability, and a single-barrel [[carburetor]] fed the engine. The 1932 V8-18 with 5.5:1 [[compression ratio|compression]]<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> produced {{cvt|65|hp|0}}. The 1933&ndash;34 V8-40 raised compression to 6.33:1<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> and power to {{cvt|75|hp|0}}. In 1934 a two barrel down draft carburetor was introduced.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}} 1935's V8-48 saw compression drop to 6.3:1, but power climb to {{cvt|85|hp|0}}, and torque was rated at {{cvt|144|lbft|0}}.<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> It became the V8-68 in 1936, with compression, horsepower, and torque unchanged.

Production of the original 221 lasted from 1932 through to 1936. These engines can be identified by the fact that the water pumps are at the front of the heads. A similar 221 flathead was used in Fords for 1937 and 1938 but the block was revised to have the water pumps mounted on the block. This design also relocated the water outlet from the front of the heads to the top center of the heads. These, designated V8-78, were offered with standard 6.2:1 compression aluminum or 7.5:1 compression iron [[cylinder head]]s, rated at {{cvt|85|hp|0}} and {{cvt|144|lbft|0}} (aluminum) or {{cvt|94|hp|0}} (iron).<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> The 1932 through 1938 motors used twenty-one studs to hold down each head and are known as "21 stud" motors. This motor continued to be made into the 1950s in Europe.

In late 1938 Ford introduced V8-81A,<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> commonly called the "24 stud" engine because it uses twenty-four studs to hold down each head. This engine debuted at the same time as the 239 motor. With 6.12:1 compression,<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> horsepower remained the same, but torque increased by {{cvt|2|lbft|0}}. In 1939, as the V8-91A, compression increased to 6.15:1, power rose to {{cvt|90|hp|0}}, and torque reached {{cvt|155|lbft|0}};<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> the ratings remained the same for the 1940 V8-01A, 1941 V8-11A, and the last civilian model, the V8-21A, which saw compression rise to 6.2:1.<ref name="Street Rodder, 1/85, p73" /> This engine was used through 1942 for civilian use and saw some use in military vehicles during World War Two. Collectively all of the 221 motors are commonly referred to as "85 horse" motors.