Editing Galaxy formation and evolution (section)

====Active galactic nuclei ====

[[Active galactic nuclei]] (AGN) have an impact on the observational phenomena of supermassive black holes, and further have a regulation of black hole growth and star formation. In simulations, AGN feedback is usually classified into two modes, namely quasar and radio mode. Quasar mode feedback is linked to the radiatively efficient mode of black hole growth and is frequently incorporated through energy or momentum injection.<ref name="SpringelDi MatteoHernquist2005">{{cite journal | last1 = Springel | first1 = Volker | last2 = Di Matteo | first2 = Tiziana |author2-link=Tiziana Di Matteo (astrophysicist)| last3 = Hernquist | first3 = Lars | title = Modelling feedback from stars and black holes in galaxy mergers | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | date = August 2005 | volume = 361 | issue = 3 | pages = 776–794 | issn = 0035-8711 | eissn = 1365-2966 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09238.x | doi-access = free | pmid = | s2cid = 14866854 | url = http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:41381734| arxiv = astro-ph/0411108 | bibcode = 2005MNRAS.361..776S }}</ref> The regulation of star formation in massive galaxies is believed to be significantly influenced by radio mode feedback, which occurs due to the presence of highly collimated jets of relativistic particles. These jets are typically linked to X-ray bubbles that possess enough energy to counterbalance cooling losses.<ref name="SijackiSpringelDi Matteo2007">{{cite journal | last1 = Sijacki | first1 = Debora|author1-link= Debora Šijački | last2 = Springel | first2 = Volker | last3 = Di Matteo | first3 = Tiziana |author3-link=Tiziana Di Matteo (astrophysicist)| last4 = Hernquist | first4 = Lars | title = A unified model for AGN feedback in cosmological simulations of structure formation | journal = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | date = 20 August 2007 | volume = 380 | issue = 3 | pages = 877–900 | issn = 0035-8711 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12153.x | pmid = | url = | doi-access = free | arxiv = 0705.2238 | bibcode = 2007MNRAS.380..877S}}</ref>