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Hot spring
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==Examples== [[File:Geothermal springs map US.png|thumb|upright=1.3|Distribution of [[Geothermal activity|geothermal]] springs in the US]] {{Main|List of hot springs}} There are hot springs in many places and on all continents of the world. Countries that are renowned for their hot springs include [[China]], [[Costa Rica]], [[List of spa towns in Hungary|Hungary]], [[Iceland]], [[Iran]], [[Onsen|Japan]], [[New Zealand]], [[Brazil]], [[Peru]], [[List of spa towns in Serbia|Serbia]], [[South Korea]], [[Taiwan]], [[Turkey]], and the [[United States]], but there are hot springs in many other places as well: * Widely renowned since a chemistry professor's report in 1918 classified them as one of the world's most [[electrolytic]] mineral waters, the [[Termas de Rio Hondo|Rio Hondo Hot Springs]] in northern [[Argentina]] have become among the most visited on earth.<ref>[http://www.welcomeargentina.com/termasderiohondo Welcome Argentina: Turismo en Argentina 2009]</ref> The [[Cacheuta Spa]] is another famous hot springs in Argentina. * The springs in Europe with the highest temperatures are located in France, in a small village named [[Chaudes-Aigues]].{{citation needed|date=April 2017}} Located at the heart of the French volcanic region [[Auvergne]], the thirty natural hot springs of Chaudes-Aigues have temperatures ranging from {{cvt|45|C}} to more than {{cvt|80|C}}. The hottest one, the "Source du Par", has a temperature of {{cvt|82|C}}. The hot waters running under the village have provided heat for the houses and for the church since the 14th Century. Chaudes-Aigues (Cantal, France) is a [[spa town]] known since the Roman Empire for the treatment of rheumatism. * Carbonate aquifers in foreland tectonic settings can host important thermal springs although located in areas commonly not characterised by regional high heat flow values. In these cases, when thermal springs are located close or along the coastlines, the subaerial and/or submarine thermal springs constitute the outflow of marine groundwater, flowing through localised fractures and karstic rock-volumes. This is the case of springs occurring along the south-easternmost portion of the Apulia region (Southern Italy) where few sulphurous and warm waters ({{cvt|22|-|33|C}}) outflow in partially submerged caves located along the Adriatic coast, thus supplying the historical spas of Santa Cesarea Terme. These springs are known from ancient times (Aristotele in III Century BC) and the physical-chemical features of their thermal waters resulted to be partly influenced by the sea level variations.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Santaloia|first1=F.|last2=Zuffianò|first2=L. E.|last3=Palladino|first3=G.|last4=Limoni|first4=P. P.|last5=Liotta|first5=D.|last6=Minissale|first6=A.|last7=Brogi|first7=A.|last8=Polemio|first8=M.|date=2016-11-01|title=Coastal thermal springs in a foreland setting: The Santa Cesarea Terme system (Italy)|journal=Geothermics|volume=64|pages=344–361|doi=10.1016/j.geothermics.2016.06.013|bibcode=2016Geoth..64..344S |hdl=11586/167990 |issn=0375-6505|hdl-access=free}}</ref> * One of the potential geothermal energy reservoirs in India is the Tattapani thermal springs of Madhya Pradesh.<ref>{{cite journal|year=1987|title=Geothermal studies at Tattapani hot spring area, Sarguja district, central India|journal=Geothermics|volume=16|issue=1|pages=61–76|doi=10.1016/0375-6505(87)90079-4|author1=Ravi Shanker|author2=J.L. Thussu|author3=J.M. Prasad|bibcode=1987Geoth..16...61S }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|date=August 1995|title=Geochemistry of Tattapani thermal springs, Himachal Pradesh, India—field and experimental investigations|journal=Geothermics|volume=24|issue=4|pages=553–9|doi=10.1016/0375-6505(95)00005-B|author1=D. Chandrasekharam|author2=M.C. Antu}}</ref> * The silica-rich deposits found in [[Nili Patera]], the [[Volcano|volcanic]] [[caldera]] in [[Syrtis Major Planum|Syrtis Major]], [[Mars]], are thought to be the remains of an extinct hot spring system.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Skok|first1=J. R.|last2=Mustard|first2=J. F.|last3=Ehlmann|first3=B. L.|last4=Milliken|first4=R. E.|last5=Murchie|first5=S. L.|date=December 2010|title=Silica deposits in the Nili Patera caldera on the Syrtis Major volcanic complex on Mars|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo990|journal=Nature Geoscience|language=en|volume=3|issue=12|pages=838–841|doi=10.1038/ngeo990|bibcode=2010NatGe...3..838S|issn=1752-0894|url-access=subscription}}</ref>
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