Editing Humorism (section)

===Culture===
[[Theophrastus]] and others developed a set of characters based on the humors. Those with too much blood were sanguine. Those with too much phlegm were phlegmatic. Those with too much yellow bile were choleric, and those with too much black bile were melancholic. The idea of human personality based on humors contributed to the character comedies of [[Menander]] and, later, [[Plautus]].
Through the neo-classical revival in Europe, the humor theory dominated medical practice, and the theory of humoral types made periodic appearances in drama. The humors were an important and popular iconographic theme in European art, found in paintings, tapestries,<ref>{{cite journal|last=Mulherron|first=Jamie|date=2012|title=Jacob Jordaens's Elements and Humours Tapestries|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331312657|journal=Apollo|volume=National Trust Historic Houses and Collections Annual 2012|pages=4–11}}</ref> and sets of prints.

The humors can be found in [[Elizabethan literature|Elizabethan works]], such as in ''[[The Taming of the Shrew]]'', in which the character Petruchio, a choleric man, uses humoral therapy techniques on Katherina, a choleric woman, in order to tame her into the socially acceptable phlegmatic woman.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kern Paster |first1=Gail |title=William Shakespeare and the Four Humors: Elizabethan Medical Beliefs by Dr. Gail Kern Paster |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKt4pDZDefQ |website=Pitt Health Sciences Library System |publisher=YouTube |access-date=10 April 2023}}</ref> Some examples include: he yells at the servants for serving mutton, a choleric food, to two people who are already choleric; he deprives Katherina of sleep; and he, Katherina and their servant Grumio endure a cold walk home, for cold temperatures were said to tame choleric temperaments.

The theory of the four humors features prominently in [[Rupert Thomson]]'s 2005 novel ''[[Divided Kingdom]]''.