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IPv6
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===Address representation=== The 128 bits of an IPv6 address are represented in 8 groups of 16 bits each. Each group is written as four hexadecimal digits (sometimes called ''[[hextet]]s''<ref name="Graziani2012">{{cite book|first=Rick|last=Graziani|title=IPv6 Fundamentals: A Straightforward Approach to Understanding IPv6|date=2012|publisher=[[Cisco Press]]|isbn=978-0-13-303347-2|page=55|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FbYjJjZNA5gC&pg=PA55}}</ref><ref name="Coffeen2014">{{cite book|first=Tom|last=Coffeen|title=IPv6 Address Planning: Designing an Address Plan for the Future|date=2014|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]]|isbn=978-1-4919-0326-1|page=170|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dZU8BQAAQBAJ&pg=PT170}}</ref> or more formally ''[[hexadectet]]s''<ref name="Horley2013">{{cite book|first=Edward|last=Horley|title=Practical IPv6 for Windows Administrators|date=2013|publisher=[[Apress]]|isbn=978-1-4302-6371-5|page=17|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u50QAwAAQBAJ&q=17&pg=PA17}}</ref> and informally a ''quibble'' or ''quad-nibble''<ref name="Horley2013"/>) and the groups are separated by colons (:). An example of this representation is {{IPaddr|2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329}}. For convenience and clarity, the representation of an IPv6 address may be shortened with the following rules: *One or more [[leading zero]]s from any group of hexadecimal digits are removed, which is usually done to all of the leading zeros. For example, the group {{IPaddr|0042}} is converted to {{IPaddr|42}}. The group {{IPaddr|0000}} is converted to {{IPaddr|0}}. *Consecutive sections of zeros are replaced with two colons (::). This may only be used once in an address, as multiple use would render the address indeterminate. A double colon should not be used to denote an omitted single section of zeros.{{Ref RFC|5952|rsection=4.2.2}} An example of application of these rules: :Initial address: {{IPaddr|2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:ff00:0042:8329}}. :After removing all leading zeros in each group: {{IPaddr|2001:db8:0:0:0:ff00:42:8329}}. :After omitting consecutive sections of zeros: {{IPaddr|2001:db8::ff00:42:8329}}. The loopback address is defined as {{IPaddr|0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001}}{{Ref RFC|5156}} and is abbreviated to {{IPaddr|::1}} by using both rules. As an IPv6 address may have more than one representation, the IETF has issued a [[IPv6 address#Representation|proposed standard for representing them in text]].{{Ref RFC|5952}} Because IPv6 addresses contain colons, and URLs use colons to separate the host from the port number, an IPv6 address used as the host-part of a URL should be enclosed in square brackets,{{Ref RFC|3986}} e.g. <nowiki>http://[2001:db8:4006:812::200e]</nowiki> or <nowiki>http://[2001:db8:4006:812::200e]:8080/path/page.html</nowiki>.
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