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Inca road system
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====Roadway and pavement==== In the mountains and the high forests, precisely arranged paving stones or cobbles were used for paving, placing them with their flat face towards the top, trying to produce a uniform surface. Nevertheless, not all the roads were paved; in the Andean puna and in the coastal deserts the road was usually made using packed earth, sand, or simply covering grassland with soil or sand.<ref name="Cartwright"/> There is also evidence of paving with vegetable fibers such as in the road of Pampa Afuera in Casma (Áncash department, Peru).<ref name="guia"/> The width of the roadway varied between {{convert|1|and|4|m|ft}},<ref name="D'Altroy2002a" />{{rp|245}} although some could be much wider, such as the {{convert|25|m|ft}} road leading to Huánuco Pampa. The Cusco to Quito portion of the Road system, which was the most trafficked one, had a width always exceeding {{convert|4|m|ft}} even in agricultural areas where the land had high value. Some portions reached a width of {{convert|16|m|ft}}.<ref>Brown, Jeff L. (2016). Highways to the Empire: the Inca road system" - Civil Engineering, January 2016</ref> Near urban and administrative centers there is evidence of two or three roads constructed in parallel.<ref name ="Cartwright"/> The maximum recorded width on the north coastal road is {{convert|35|m|ft}}, while the average width in the south coastal road is {{convert|8.5|m|ft}}.<ref name="guia"/>
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