Editing Insulin-like growth factor 1 (section)

=== Mortality ===

Both high and low levels of IGF‐1 increase [[Mortality rate|mortality]] risk, with the mid‐range (120–160 ng/ml) being associated with the lowest mortality.<ref name="Rahmani_2022">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rahmani J, Montesanto A, Giovannucci E, Zand H, Barati M, Kopchick JJ, Mirisola MG, Lagani V, Bawadi H, Vardavas R, Laviano A, Christensen K, Passarino G, Longo VD | title = Association between IGF-1 levels ranges and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis | journal = Aging Cell | volume = 21 | issue = 2 | pages = e13540 | date = February 2022 | pmid = 35048526 | pmc = 8844108 | doi = 10.1111/acel.13540 | author-link14 = Valter Longo }}</ref>

==== Dairy consumption ====

It has been suggested that consumption of IGF-1 in [[dairy product]]s could increase cancer risk, particularly [[prostate cancer]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Harrison S, Lennon R, Holly J, Higgins JP, Gardner M, Perks C, Gaunt T, Tan V, Borwick C, Emmet P, Jeffreys M, Northstone K, Rinaldi S, Thomas S, Turner SD, Pease A, Vilenchick V, Martin RM, Lewis SJ | title = Does milk intake promote prostate cancer initiation or progression via effects on insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)? A systematic review and meta-analysis | journal = Cancer Causes & Control | volume = 28 | issue = 6 | pages = 497–528 | date = June 2017 | pmid = 28361446 | pmc = 5400803 | doi = 10.1007/s10552-017-0883-1 }}</ref><ref name="committee">{{cite web | url = https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/803090/COC_2018_S01_IGF-1_COC_Statement.pdf | title = Statement on possible carcinogenic hazard to consumers from insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the diet | work = assets.publishing.service.gov.uk | access-date = 4 February 2023 }}</ref> However, significant levels of intact IGF-1 from oral consumption are not absorbed as they are digested by gastric enzymes.<ref name="committee"/><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Juskevich JC, Guyer CG|title=Bovine Growth Hormone: Human Food Safety Evaluation |journal=Science |volume=249 |issue=4971 |pages=875–84 |date=August 1990 |pmid=2203142 |doi= 10.1126/science.2203142|jstor=2877952}}</ref> IGF-1 present in food is not expected to be active within the body in the way that IGF-1 is produced by the body itself.<ref name="committee"/>

The [[Food and Drug Administration]] has stated that IGF-I concentrations in milk are not significant when evaluated against concentrations of IGF-I endogenously produced in humans.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2000|title=FDA rejects petition to ban rBST|url=https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2000-06-15/fda-rejects-petition-ban-rbst|website=American Veterinary Medical Association|language=en-GB|archive-date=August 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813180950/https://www.avma.org/javma-news/2000-06-15/fda-rejects-petition-ban-rbst|url-status=live}}</ref>

A 2018 review by the Committee on Carcinogenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment (COC) concluded that there is "insufficient evidence to draw any firm conclusions as to whether exposure to dietary IGF-1 is associated with an increased incidence of cancer in consumers".<ref name="committee"/> Certain dairy processes such as [[fermentation]] are known to significantly decrease IGF-1 concentrations.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Meyer Z, Höflich C, Wirthgen E, Olm S, Hammon HM, Hoeflich A | title = Analysis of the IGF-system in milk from farm animals - Occurrence, regulation, and biomarker potential | journal = Growth Hormone & IGF Research | volume = 35 | issue =  | pages = 1–7 | date = August 2017 | pmid = 28544872 | doi = 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.05.004 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The [[British Dietetic Association]] has described the idea that milk promotes hormone related cancerous tumor growth as a myth, stating "no link between dairy containing diets and risk of cancer or promoting cancer growth as a result of hormones".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024|title=Cancer Diets: Myths and More|url=https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/cancer-diets-myths-and-more.html|website=British Dietetic Association|language=en-GB|archive-date=July 26, 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240726215251/https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/cancer-diets-myths-and-more.html|url-status=live}}</ref>